Treatment of Textile
Wastewater using Hybrid
Biogranular System
Contact:
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azmi Aris / Dr. Khalida Muda
Department of Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
The Problem
Highly colored wastewater from textile industry
High concentration of non-biodegradable organics,
suspended solids, conductivity, turbidity and intense
color
10%
of the chemical in textile
processing will remain on
the fabric…..
90%
will be discharged in textile
effluent
(IPPC, 2003)
80 -100
m3 of textile wastewater are
generated per ton fabric
(Savin et al, 2008)
Conventional biological system fails to
treat textile wastewater
Physico-chemical treatment is available but
expensive in terms of chemical and
operational costs
Environmental Regulations
(Industrial Effluent), 2009
Colour*
Std A – 100 ADMI
Std B – 200 ADMI
*Color was not regulated in previous regulation
Our Solution
Hybrid Biogranular
System
Features
Treat textile wastewater within relatively
short period of time
Simple yet reliable and proven effective
(90% COD and color removal)
Use microorganisms rather than chemicals –
no chemical sludge, environmentally
sustainable
INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS
Basis of Technology
Anaerobic followed by Aerobic
stage
INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS
Use biogranules instead of bioflocs - higher biomass
concentration and shorter sedimentation time
Biogranules function in both anaerobic and aerobic
Hybrid - requires only one reactor – small foot-print
Excess biogranules (sludge) - stored or sold to other
treatment plant - potential source of income
INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS
WHAT IS BIOGRANULES
Biogranules
» Developed in the reactor under
»
»
»
»
specific conditions
Irregular shape with smooth
surface
Size of 2.3 + 1 mm in diameter as
compared to 0.02 + 0.01 for flocs
Dense and compact with
excellent settling property
(approx. 80 m/hr)
Structurally strong
INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS
Single reactor in sequencing
batch-mode
feed  anaerobic (9 hr) 
aerobic (3 hr)  anaerobic
(9 hr)  aerobic (3 hr) 
settling (5 min)
Treatment can be completed
within 24 hours
ACHIEVEMENT
Hybrid Biogranules System for Textile Wastewater
Treatment
Development of Anaerobic Granules Containing New
Specialised Dye Degrading Microbes for Raw Textile Dyeing
Wastewater Treatment. Funded by MOSTI (Vot # 79137).
RM 220,000 (2007 – 10)
Biochemical Reduction of Azo Dyes from Textile Dyeing
Wastewater using Facultative Granular Sludge. Funded by
MOHE (Vot # 78211). RM 100,000 (2007 – 09)
Publications (Peer-reviewed)
Muda, K., Aris, A., Salim, M.R., Ibrahim, Z., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.,
Ahmad, A., Nawahwi, M.Z. (2011) The Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time
on Granular Sludge Biomass in Treating Textile Wastewater, Water
Research, 45, No. 16, pp 4711-4721, 2011 (IF: 4.546).
Muda, K., Aris, A., Salim, M.R., Ibrahim, Z., Yahya, A., van Loosdrecht,
M.C.M., Ahmad, A., Nawahwi, M.Z. (2010) Development of Granular
Sludge for Textile Wastewater Treatment, Water Research, 44, 43414350. (IF:4.355)
Ibrahim, Z., Amin, M.F.M., Yahya, A., Aris, A., Muda, K. (2010)
Characteristics of the Developed Granules Containing Selected
Decolourising Bacteria for the Degradation of Textile Wastewater, Water
Science Technology, 61, 1279-1288. (IF:1.09)
Publications (Conference Articles)
Muda, K., Aris, A., Salim, R.M., Ibrahim, Z. (2010). Biogranulation Treatment
Technology for Textile Wastewater. ITS-UTM International Conference 2010 on
Sustainable Urban Environment. 8-10 Dec 2010, Rectorat Building, ITS, Surabaya,
Indonesia.
Muda, K., Aris, A., Salim, R.M., Ibrahim, Z., Yahya, A., Ahmad, A. and Nawahwi, Z.
(2010). Granular Sludge as Compact Treatment System for Textile Wastewater
Treatment. 1st IWA MALAYSIA Young Water Professionals Conference. 2–4 March
2010, Best Western Premier Seri Pacific Hotel, Kuala Lumpur.
Amin, M.F.M., Ibrahim, Z., Yahya, A., Aris, A. and Muda, K. Potential Application
of Developed Granules Containing Decolourising Bacteria for Treatment of Raw
Textile Wastewater, 30th Symposium of Malaysian Society for Microbiology –
Microbes: Biotechnology Engine for Health and Wealth Creation, Kuantan, 1619th August 2008.
Awards
Gold Medal at Seoul International Invention Fair (SIIF) 2011
in Seoul, Korea.
Gold Medal at 10th Malaysia Technology Expo (MTE) 2011.
Green Technology of the Year Award at 10th Malaysia
Technology Expo (MTE) 2011.
Silver Medal at 12th at Industrial Art & Technology Exhibition
(INATEX), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2010.
INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS
Patent Pending
A Process for Treating Wastewater
(PI 2009 2162)
Bacteria Granules for Treating
Wastewater
(PI 2009 2163)
INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS
Market Opportunity
Overall Market
China
Industry with colored
wastewater
Oil Palm
Food
(500)
Indonesia
Municipal
Landfill
Thailand
Market
Initial Market Segment
Textile Industry
(100 +++)
VCLM
Research Team
DR. KHALIDA MUDA
PROF. DR. RAZMAN
AP. DR. AZMI ARIS
(FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING)
AP. DR. ZAHARAH
DR. ADIBAH YAHYA
(FACULTY OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING)
INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS
Prototype Development
Research Grant Scheme
Treatment of Textile Wastewater
using Hybrid Biogranular System
Objectives
1. To design and fabricate a prototype hybrid
biogranule system for treating textile wastewater
2. To further enhance the characteristics of the
biogranules developed in the bioreactor taking into
consideration the size of the prototype plant
3. To evaluate the performance of the system in terms
of pollutants removal under different textile
wastewater pollutant loads and characteristics
Objectives (cont.)
4. To optimize of the system through manipulation of
operating parameters i.e. total hydraulic retention
time, anaerobic and aerobic reaction times, solids
retention time, and superficial air velocity of the
system
5. To determine the biokinetics behavior of the process
and to evaluate the toxicity of the byproducts of the
degradation
INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS
Layout
Hybrid Biogranule System
pump
inlet
to SBR
Activated
Carbon
Holding tank
from
mill’s
sump
(1 m3)
SBR Column
discharge
to river
pump
(1 m3)
Sand
Filter
data logger
and control
system
sludge
outlet
pump
control automation network
discharge
to river
Research Methodology
Framework
Planning
Research
Activity
2012
A
S
O
2013
N
D
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
2014
A
S
O
N
D
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
1.Literature Survey
2. Design and Fabrication of Hybrid
Biogranule System
3. Biogranules development and
enhancement of biogranules
characteristics
○ Characterization of microbial granular
sludge
-Physical, chemical &biological
characterizations
-Identification the microbial biodiversity
X
X
4. Initial performance evaluation of the
stable system (COD, BOD, color, TSS,
TDS, TN, TP)
5. Optimization of the operational
paramaters
○ Variation of HRT, SRT
X
X
○ Variation of superficial air velocity
- Removal performance efficiency (COD,
BOD, TOC, color, etc)
- Energy consumption
6.Investigation of the biokinetics
behavior and byproducts toxicity (OUR,
X
SOUR, µ, kd, Yobs, Y and SMA)
7. Data Analysis
X
8. Report Writing
Technology Transfer Activities
Attending workshop/ seminar/
conferences
♦
♦
Budget
Budget Details
Year 1 (RM)
Year 2 (RM)
Total (RM)
Salary and wages
(V11000)
24,000
24,000
48,000
Travelling and transport
(V21000)
12,500
17,500
30,000
Rental (V24000)
15,000
15,000
30,000
Research materials &
supplies (V27000)
83,500
58,500
142,000
Maintenance and Minor
repair services (V28000)
15,000
15,000
30,000
Professional services
(V29000)
-
20,000
20,000
Accessories and
equipment (V35000)
200,000
-
200,000
TOTAL
350,000
150,000
500,000
Thank You