TOURISM
PETER ROBINSON
MICHAEL LÜCK
STEPHEN L. J. SMITH
6
Water-borne Transport
Learning Objectives
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To understand the variety of modes of
water-borne transportation
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To explore the management and
marketing issues associated with
cruising
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To appreciate the geography of cruise
holidays
Background
• Water-borne transport has a long history
– Before air travel, much long-haul travel was
by water
• Cruise ships were ‘jumbo jets’ of their day
• Water offers many recreational activities
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Physical exercise
Relaxation
Sightseeing
Wildlife viewing
Fishing
Background
• Most activities require some form of
infrastructure or support services
– Docks
– Chandlers
– Marinas (fuel, repairs, boat sales and
leasing)
– Navigation aids
– Locks and canals (industrial waterways)
Private Craft
• At least 20 million boats registered in
private ownership
• Many forms
– Canoes, kayaks, row boats, skiffs, dories,
pedal boats, etc.
– Inboard, outboard, inboard/outboard motors
– Sailboats and Jet boats
– Personal hydrocraft
– Water skiing
– Hydro bikes/surf bikes
Commercial Water
Transportation
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Rental boats
Water taxis
Ferries (passenger and vehicle)
‘Bare boating’
Tour boats
– Surface
– Submersible and semi-submersibles
• Canal (narrow) boats
• Cruise lines
Cruise Lines
• (Usually) multi-stops combining
accommodation, onboard and shore
activities, restaurants
• Emerged after decline of transatlantic liners
• Many options
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Duration
Location
Degree of luxury
Class of service
Size of ship
Cruise themes, activities
Types of Cruises
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Fly & cruise packages
Rail & cruise packages
Repositioning cruises
‘Cruises to nowhere’
Special interest cruises
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Activities
Target market
Educational cruises
‘Tall ships’
Types of Cruises
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River cruises
Lake cruises
Freighters
Mail and supply ships
Environmental Concerns
around Cruising
• Air pollution from diesel engines
• Dumping of waste at sea (in
international waters)
• Noise concerns in port
• Automobile traffic in ports during
departures and arrivals
Ports
• Very different layout and sizes for
passenger versus cargo/container
ports (passenger ports are smaller)
• Essential for cruise industry
• Two types
– Home ports
– Ports-of-call