消防员职业安全与健康
Occupational Health for
Firefighters
贾晓东
Jia Xiaodong
上海市疾病预防控制中心
Shanghai Municipal Center for
Disease control and Prevention
消防员工作危险的原因
What is dangerous about firefighters?
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工作环境始终处于动态变化，并充满了
不确定性
Firefighters work under constantly
changing and often unstable
environments
消防员工作危险的原因
What is dangerous about firefighters?
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突发事件现场不同于普通场所，消防员
无法全面掌握工作环境中的危险因素
Firefighters is seldom aware of all of the
risks in the environment where the
work takes place
消防员工作危险的原因
What is dangerous about firefighters?
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工作现场可能充斥多种交通工具，因此
发生交通运输事故的概率相对较高
The risks of transportation accidents are
heightened during response to
emergencies
消防员工作危险的原因
What is dangerous about firefighters?
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消防员因工作性质，将面对心血管疾病、
心理精神压力和骨骼肌肉组织扭拉伤等
问题。
Firefighters face an increased risk of
cardiovascular disease, post incident
psychological stress, and strain injury
due to improper lifting
消防工作中的职业危害
Hazards related to fire-fighting
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事故危害 Accident hazards
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坠落伤害
Falls from heights
救火过程中遭受物品撞击伤害
Struck by objects during fire-fighting
operations
消防工作中的职业危害
Hazards related to fire-fighting
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事故危害 Accident hazards
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坍塌建筑物吞没
Caught in collapsing or collapsed
structures
玻璃、金属或其它锐利物品造成的切割伤或
擦伤，以及因爆炸引起的伤害
Stepping on, struck by or striking
against glass, metal or other sharp
objects leading to cuts or scratches
消防工作中的职业危害
Hazards related to fire-fighting
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事故危害 Accident hazards
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因爆炸引起的伤害
Injuries due to explosions
交通运输工具事故伤害
Transportation accidents in responding to
an emergency
供气障碍造成窒息
Interruption of air supply
消防工作中的职业危害
Hazards related to fire-fighting
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物理危害 Physical hazards
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热应激
Exposure to heat leading to heat
stress
烧灼伤
Exposure to heat leading to burns
消防工作中的职业危害
Hazards related to fire-fighting
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物理危害 Physical hazards
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寒冷
Exposure to cold during winter firefighting
噪声
Exposure to noise in vicinity of pump
or other equipment
消防工作中的职业危害
Hazards related to fire-fighting
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化学危害 Chemical hazards
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缺氧
Inadequate oxygen in the breathing
air
一氧化碳及其它燃烧后产生的化学物质
The presence of carbon monoxide gas
and other products of combustion in
the breathing air
消防工作中的职业危害
Hazards related to fire-fighting
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化学危害 Chemical hazards
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其它有毒有害化学物质
Exposure to chemicals during
chemical emergencies
消防工作中的职业危害
Hazards related to fire-fighting
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生物危害 Biological hazards
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在实施人员救援活动中，有接触传染病人的
可能
Diseases while treating patients as
part of emergency medical related
activities
消防工作中的职业危害
Hazards related to fire-fighting
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其它危害 Other hazards
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人体工效学、心理精神因素和工作组织等方
面危害
Ergonomic, psychosocial and
organizational hazards
职业危害对消防员健康影响
Health effects of occupational
hazards on firefighters
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死亡 Death
伤害 Injury
中毒 Poisoning
疾病 Disease
预防与控制措施
Preventive measures
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知识 Knowledge
装备 Equipment
训练 Training
干预 Intervention