Industrial Revolution
UNIT 6
LEQ:
How is an economic
revolution different
from a political
revolution?
Drill:
Identify a form of
technology that has
made your daily life
easier.
How would your daily
activities be different
without this
technology?
The Transformation of the Written Word
Industrial Revolution
•A period of accelerated technological development that shaped the
A revolution
is a drastic
nature of production, work,
and everyday
life.
change what is different from
•1750 - 1800s in many rev.
countries
as Great
Britain, France and the
to rev.such
is what
changes.
United States
•The invention of manyIndustrial
new machines
created
Revolution
wasa asurge in the mass
production of goods shift from human and animal
to machinery,
factories,change starting in
•This ignited a period labor
of rapid
social and economic
Britain and later spreading
through
Europe
and to North America
and new
sources
of energy
(steam, coal, oil, etc.)
Factors of an Industrial Revolution
1. Economic – how meet needs & wants; jobs, trade, $$
2. Social – the society; the population
3. Political – government
4. Geographic – environment; available natural
resources; location
LEQ:
How did E.S.P.G.
causes spark the
Industrial Revolution
in England?
Drill:
How did
improvements in
farming technology
effect society?
Economic Causes
•Colonialism: provided raw materials to be transformed into manufactured goods and then
exported
•Adam Smith: wrote The Wealth of Nations; believed a free market would benefit everyone
by producing the most goods with the fewest resources; contributed to support of
capitalism
free market economy - prices are determined by unrestricted competition between
privately owned businesses (govt. stays out of business; Laissez Faire)
capitalism - an economic and political system in which a country's trade and
industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
Social Causes
•Agricultural Revolution: began 1600s; a change in traditional ways of farming and in the
lifestyle of the farmer;
crop rotation system – rotate crops each season = more crops and more cattle = more
food
improved technology: seed drill, iron plow, mechanical reapers and threshers = more
production
•Population Boom: better diets and health = growth in population; new farming tech. meant
there was less demand for workers on farms = migration to cities = larger urban workforce
Political Causes
•Enclosure Acts: “Enclosure” refers to the consolidation of land, usually for the stated
purpose of making it more productive.
The British Enclosure Acts removed the prior rights of local people to rural
land; the lands were then consolidated into individual, privately owned, and large
Geographic Causes
•Raw Materials: Coal to power steam engines, iron ore for machinery,
imports from colonies
•Infrastructure: water ways; developed cities; railway steam
locomotive; durable, smoother, and less muddy roads
infrastructure - the basic physical and organizational structures
and facilities needed for the operation of a society or
enterprise
LEQ:
How did E.S.P.G.
causes spark the
Industrial Revolution
in England?
Drill:
What did James
Watt contribute
to the Industrial
Revolution?
LEQ:
How did the
factory system
transform industry
and society?
Drill:
How did George
Stephenson
contribute to the
Industrial
Revolution?
George Stephenson, the “father of railways” was an English
civil engineer; he built the first public inter-city railway line
in the world to use steam locomotives
Pop Quiz
1. How did the Agricultural Revolution help set the stage for the Industrial Revolution?
2. What kind of economy did Adam Smith advocate for
A) mercantilism
B) free market
C) communism
3. Law passed by the British government that turned large public lands into privately owned
farm land
A) Enclosure Act
B) Resettlement Act
C) Reallocation Act
The Domestic System
•Refers to the time when the manufacture of products was done at home
and on a small scale and known as the domestic system
•Pros:
work at own pace, better treatment, good working conditions, meal
and work breaks, high-quality goods
•Cons:
slow, laborious, supply could not keep up with demand
The Factory System
•Brought workers and machines together in one place to manufacture goods
•Machines were powered by water and steam engines
•New methods of production within the factories like interchangeable parts and the
assembly line improved worker productivity
•To meet the demand of the growing population manufactures introduced mass
production = turning out large quantities of identical goods
LEQ:
How did the
factory system
transform industry
and society?
Drill:
How did Samuel
Morse contribute
to the Industrial
Revolution?
Samuel Morse developed an electric telegraph in 837.
In 1838 he developed the Morse Code
LEQ:
How did the
factory system
transform industry
and society?
Drill:
The year is 1830 and
you are 15. You live in
London with your
family. You are one of
five children. To help
your family you work in
a textile mill. Describe
your day.
Cities and Working Conditions
CITIES
FACTORIES: WORKING CONDITIONS
•Overpopulated = crowded
•10-16 hour work days
•Dirty & unsanitary
•6 days a week
•Poor housing
•Low wages
•Disease
•Unsafe
•No benefits
•Women and children work
LEQ:
What is the global
impact of
industrialization?
Drill:
Brainstorm:
What advantages
might an
industrialized
country have over a
non-industrialized
country?
Impact of Industrialization
1. Rise in Global Inequality:
•Shifted world power
•Increased competition between industrialized and less-developed
nations
•Widened the wealth gap between nations
•Great Britain led in exploitation and other nations followed = imperialism
Impact of Industrialization
2. Transformation of Society:
•Improvements in agriculture, transportation, and communication changed
how people lived
•Western Europe and U.S. had economic power
•Long life expectancy
•Development of a middle class, more opportunity for education, and
democratic participation = social reform