RESILIENT CITIES 2012
3RD GLOBAL FORUM ON URBAN RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION
URBAN RISK FORUM
MAKATI CITY: FACING RISKS
AND INCREASING
RESILIENCE
ATTY. VIOLETA SOMERA SEVA
Senior Advisor
City Government of Makati, Philippines
16 May 2012
Bonn, Germany
CITIES
ROLE OF CITIES
» PULL-FACTOR OF CITIES
˃ Employment Opportunities
˃ Better Services Delivery
˃ Fast-paced Urban Lifestyle
» EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION
˃ Unmanaged Development
˃ Urban Sprawl
˃ Unsustainable Population Growth
RISKS
CATEGORIES OF RISKS
ECONOMIC RISKS
• CHRONIC FISCAL IMBALANCES
• Severe Income Disparity
• Major Systemic Financial Failure
• Infrastructure neglect
SOCIETAL RISKS
• UNSUSTAINABLE POPULATION GROWTH
• Water Supply Crisis
• Food Shortage Crisis
• Unmanageable migration
• Vulnerability to pandemics
ENVIRONMENTAL
RISKS
• RISING GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS
• Failure of Climate Change Adaption
• Land and waterway mismanagement
• Geophysical destruction
GEOPOLITICAL RISKS
• GLOBAL GOVERNANCE FAILURE
• Terrorism
• Pervasive Entrenched Corruption
• Organised crime
TECHNOLOGICAL
RISKS
• CRITICAL SYSTEMS FAILURE
• Cyber Attacks
• Massive Incidence of Data Fraud
Source: Global Risk Report 2012
RISKS
CENTRES OF GRAVITY
Source: Global Risk Report 2012
GOVERNANCE
INFLUENCING ALL OTHER RISKS
» WEAK GOVERNANCE LEADS TO:
˃ Poor service delivery
˃ Mismanagement of land and water resources
˃ Food and water supply shortage
˃ Lack of coherence between policy and
planning
˃ Inadequate investments
˃ Failure to address the effects of climate
change
MAKATI CITY
THE FINANCIAL CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINES
» Land Area: 27.36 sq. kms.
» Population:
• Night time: 510,383
• Day time: 3.7 million
» 2 Congressional Districts
» 33 Barangays (Communities)
» One out of 17 LGUs in Metro Manila
(National Capital Region)
MAKATI CITY
THE FINANCIAL CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINES
» 40% of the Top 1,000 Highest Earning, Most
Profitable & Largest Corporations
» 60,551 Business Establishments
» 56 Embassies
» 34 Consulates
MAKATI CITY
RISK PROFILE
» EARTHQUAKE PRONE
˃ Presence of the West Valley Fault
» FLOOD PRONE
˃ Low-lying areas near the Pasig River
» LANDSLIDE PRONE
» LIQUEFACTION PRONE
MAKATI CITY ORTHOPHOTO
Source: MMEIRS 2004
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND CAPACITY
MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA IN OUR LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS ACROSS ALL SECTORS, INCLUDING INFRASTRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENT
INTENSIFYING OUR SOFTSCAPE ACTIVITIES, VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND BASE INFORMATION
COLLECTION FOR PLANNING PURPOSES, PROMOTING A CULTURE OF SAFETY AMONG RESIDENTS
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IS ESSENTIAL (ULTIMATE BENEFICIARIES)
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
» STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM AND
CAPACITY
˃ Special Bodies For Environment And Disaster
Risk Management:
+ Makati Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council
+ Makati City Environmental Protection Council
+ Clean and Green Committee
+ Clean Cities Makati Coalition
+ Makati Solid Waste Management Board
+ Makati Health Council
+ Child Protection Council
+ Peace and Order Council
+ Makati Business Development Council
+ Makati Rescue
+ Makati Command, Control and Communication
Center
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
» STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM
AND CAPACITY
˃ Established the Makati DRRM Council,
religiously complying with its provision on
the Local DRRM Fund allocation and
utilization pursuant to RA 10121.
Particulars
Local DRRM Fund
(previously known as
Calamity Fund)
5% of total revenue
• 30% Quick Response Fund
• CDRI (with CCDRMMP and Barangay
Profiling)
• GFDRR
• CITYNET Disaster Cluster
• Disaster Risk Assessment
• Early Warning
• Others
2011
2012
USD
2.8 M
USD
7.1 M
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
» STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL
MECHANISM AND CAPACITY
˃ Partnering with different local and
international agencies who provide technical
assistance and promote DRR-CCA advocacies
through capacity-building programs and
various media
˃ Funded by the World Bank Global Facility for
Disaster Reduction and Recovery, Makati
engages in a City-to-City Sharing Initiative
with Quito, Ecuador and Kathmandu, Nepal
with the goal of exchanging sound practices
on emergency management, risk-sensitive
land use planning and public awareness
strategies for DRR
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
» MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA IN OUR
LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
˃ Updating of the comprehensive land use
plan and comprehensive development
plan to include climate change and
disaster-risk considerations
˃ Converting the City’s Environment
Managemement Plan into a Climate
Change Action Plan
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
» MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA IN OUR LOCAL
LAND USE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS
˃ Programs and Activities:
+ City-Wide tree Planting
+ Revenue-generating waste recovery initiatives
under the city’s Solid Waste Management
Program
+ Accounting of GHG emission with USAID
+ Dreamland Relocation Project with Gawad Kalinga
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
» MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA IN OUR LOCAL
LAND USE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS
˃ Programs and Activities:
+ Makati Transport Strategies
– E-Jeepneys
– Pedestrianization of the CBD
– Makati Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System
– LED Traffic Lights
+ Makati Waterways Management Plan
– cleaning up of creeks and waterways to
prevent flooding
Elevated Walkways
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
» MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA IN OUR
LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
˃ Programs and Activities:
+ MAKATI RISK-SENSITIVE URBAN
REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT
– aims at transforming a highly
vulnerable barangay into a
disaster-resilient community.
+ CREATION OF THE GREEN URBAN
DESIGN CENTER
– Aims to bring the concepts of
green building and sustainable
urban governance at the
grassroots level as it targets
barangays, the smallest unit of
government in the country
Fault Zone Development
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
» INTENSIFYING OUR SOFTSCAPE ACTIVITIES,
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND BASE
INFORMATION COLLECTION, FOR PLANNING
PURPOSES
˃ MRSURP had enabled the City to gather basic
physical risk and socio-economic vulnerability
information of the pilot barangay through townwatching activities and survey administration
˃ Localized hazard maps at the city level using the
Geographic Information System of the city.
˃ Developing a GIS Atlas of risks and hazards
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
» INTENSIFYING OUR SOFTSCAPE ACTIVITIES, VULNERABILITY
ASSESSMENT AND BASE INFORMATION COLLECTION, FOR PLANNING
PURPOSES
˃ Assessment of the City’s resiliency on climate-induced disasters in terms of
its physical, natural, economic, social and institutional capacities and
capabilities, as the identified 5-dimensional framework of the Climate and
Disaster Resilience Initiative.
˃ Conducted together with Kyoto University and Citynet
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
» COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IS
ESSENTIAL
˃
˃
˃
Community participation in
planning and implementation
of programmes and projects
Capacity building activities at
the commuinity level
IEC on DRM and
social/economic /cultural
projects
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
ECONOMIC RESILIENCE
SOCIETAL RESILIENCE
ENVIRONMENTAL
RESILIENCE
GEOPOLITICAL
RESILIENCE
TECHNOLOGICAL
RESILIENCE
• Sustained financial stability provided the city government to
implement exemplary programs on education and employment to
address the risk of income disparity
• Social welfare programme, education programme
• Updating of the CLUP, CDP and Zoning Ordinances
• Makati Health Program
• Peace and order, security
• Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Management
• Makati Waterways Management Plan
• Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning thru MRSURP and GFDRR City-To City
Sharing Initiative
• Good Governance
• Transparency and Accountability
• E-Governance
• Constant dialogue with the private/business sector to be able to
provide them with a secured business environment
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
»
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Social and economic challenges
•
Job creation
•
Poverty alleviation
Environmental
•
Regulation and enforcement issues
•
Building codes, environment codes, structural codes, fire safety
codes, etc.
Limitations to capacity
•
Human and technical resources
•
Funding
»
ISSUES NEEDING INTERNATIONAL ATTENTION AND
DISCUSSION IN THE AREA OF URBAN RISK
»
»
Some of the risks (i.e. terrorism, increase in energy prices,
unmanageable inflation and cyber attacks) are beyond the
scope of cities and will need the intervention at the national
and international level.
Further knowledge on new risks, particularly on those that are
categorized as technological, are needed to be able to
determine how they can be addressed by cities and concerned
organizations.
.
.
.
CONCLUSION
CITIES AT RISK…CITIES AS RISKS
»
Understanding and communicating the risks to decision-makers and the
community should still be the priority, by effectively cascading the knowledge
and tools.
»
Radical reforms in planning are required. Participatory planning, with more
good balance of input by experts and communities and engagement with
multilevel actors, will ensure that the vision of all stakeholders are considered.
»
There is a need to create and strengthen linkages between local, national,
regional and global levels for cities to be able to receive the necessary support
they need to carry out their resiliency initiatives.
»
Cities may be seen as vulnerable to risks or as the perpetrators of risks, but if
cities are well-managed through a risk-based approach, they have the potential
to be strong drivers of positive change.
RISK BASED GOOD URBAN GOVERNANCE
IS THE CENTERPIECE
FOR MAKING CITIES RESILIENT
Thank you