Remediation of Tetrachloroethylene DNAPL Contaminated Soils on
advertisement
Remediation of Tetrachloroethylene DNAPL Contaminated Soils on Parris Island, South Carolina Randall Martin SWS 6262: Soil Contamination and Remediation Introduction • What is TetrachloroethyleneDNAPL • Contaminated Site • Previous Remediation • Pilot Studies • Suggested Remediation Technique • Conclusion Parris Island, South Carolina (Source: Vroblesky et.al., 2009) Tetrachloroethylene • Known as PCE • Chemical Formula C2Cl4 • Drying cleaning and degreasing • Medical concerns • Liver failure • Renal Cancer • Lympathic and hematopoitic cancer • Ocular deterioration • Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid • • • • • DNAPL Immobile Concentrated Spread Elusive • Drinking water • 3 PPB (FL) Tetrachloroethylene, (Source: Wikimedia) Parris Island • History • Purchased 1883 - Navy Base • Marines 1915 – Recruit Training • Geology • Barrier-island sand, silt, clay, organic layer • Surficial Aquifer • Hawthorne formation and Floridan aquifer • Land use • Buildings • Ranges and training areas • Population • Military • Civilian Contaminated Site • Site-45 • Contamination 1994, dry cleaning facility • Unknown Volume • Krug et.al. (2010) – 1294.6 kg • Concerns • Areas of exposure • Source of drinking water • Class GB groundwater • < 10000 PPM TDS • MCL organic/inorganic contaminants Site 45, (Source: Vroblesky et.al., 2009) Spread of Contaminants • Orientation • Northern plume • Facility relocation • Investigation and second plume • Movement • Storm sewers • Sanitary sewers • Tidal Influence Sewer system around Site 45, (Source: Vroblesky et.al., 2009) Source: Vroblesky et.al., 2011 DNAPL Remediation Strategies • Natural Attenuation • Bioaugmentation • Biostimulation • Pump and treat • In situ chemical oxidation • Excavation • Steam injection • Pyrolysis • Combustion • Emulsion injection • Air sparging • Flushing • Thermal volatilization Pump and Treat • Initial Remediation 1998 • Lateral spread • Reduce concentration • Intercept down gradient • 1.056 million gallons • Discontinued 2000 • Remove NAPL FIRST! • McKinney & Lin (1996) • Time vs. cost, 7 years • Fewer larger flow rate wells • Tailings Source: Mercer et.al., 1990 Area of EZVI pilot study, (Source: Su et.al. (2012)) Pilot Studies • Emulsified Zero Valent Nanoscale Iron • Aids in reduction • Nanoscale potential • DNAPL movement • Emulsion=electron source • Dehalocodcoides • Dehalobacter • Secondary contamination • Results Su et.al. • • • • • • Direct injection & pneumatic injection DI – 85% reduction in PCE, mass flux Movement of contaminant Reduction in concentrations Ignorance of DNAPL Additional treatments Steam and Air Co-Injection • Process • Co-injection of air • Efficiencies • Mobilize DNAPL • Oxidation of solvents • Permeability • Volatilization of CVOC • Health and Life Illustration of remediation process, (Source: Kaslusky & Udell, 2002) Bioremediation • Bioaugmentation • Not necessary • Dechlorinating microbes • Biostimulation • Organic layer • Ethanol/vegetable oil • Anaerobic conditions • Mobilization of DNAPL Reduction in concentrations of CVOCs at 26 different sites (Source: McGuire et.al., 2006) Comparison Initial Remediation and Pilot Study Suggested Remedial Strategy • Pump and treat • Steam and air co-injection • Time frame • Decades • Emulsified nanoscale zero valent iron • Indefinite quantities required • Preferential flow • Surface breakthrough • Time frame • Application • Mechanism of remediation • Bioremediation • Microbes presents • Indestructability Conclusions • Steam and air co-injection • Reduce environmental impact • Increase rate of DNAPL removal • Minimal process residue • Bioremediation • Natural presence • Minimally affected by injections • Low environmental impact Visual Aid References • Kaslusky, S. F., & Udell, K. S. (2002). A Theoretical Model of Air and Steam Co-Injection to Prevent the Downward Migration of DNAPLs During Steam-Enhanced Extraction. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 55(3), 213-232. doi:10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00191-7 • McGuire, T. M., McDade, J. M., & Newell, C. J. (2006). Performance of DNAPL Source Depletion Technologies at 59 Chlorinated SolventâImpacted Sites. Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation, 26(1), 73-84. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00054.x • Mercer, J., D. Skipp, AND D. Griffin. Basic of Pump-and-Treat Groundwater Remediation Technology. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/8-90/003. • Su, C., Puls, R. W., Krug, T. A., Watling, M. T., O'Hara, S.,K., Quinn, J. W., & Ruiz, N. E. (2012). A Two and HalfYear-Performance Evaluation of a Field Test on Treatment of Source Zone Tetrachloroethene and its Chlorinated Daughter Products Using Emulsified Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles. Water Research, 46(16), 5071-5084. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.051 • Vroblesky, D. A., Geological Survey (U.S.), United States, Southeast, & Naval Facilities Engineering Command. (2009). Source, Transport, and Fate of Groundwater Contamination at Site 45, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina. (). Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. • Vroblesky, D. A., Petkewich, M. D., Lowery, M. A., & Landmeyer, J. E. (2011). Sewers as a Source and Sink of ChlorinatedâSolvent Groundwater Contamination, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina. Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation, 31(4), 63-69. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01349.x Questions?
