For
2014 Golden Empire AWMA Conference
September 16, 2014
Leland Villalvazo, Supervising AQS
San Joaquin Valley APCD
• 2008 OEHHA started work on revisions
– Included updates to the non-cancer health
effects, cancer potency factors, and exposure
assessment procedures
– Approved by SRP
– Largely aimed at providing additional
protections for children
• “Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Guidance
Manual for Preparation of Health Risk
Assessments” forms the basis by which
HRAs are performed in California:
– AB2588
– CEQA
– Permitting health risk assessments
• Minimize health risk from new and
modified sources of air pollution
• Health risk impact from a new and
modified source must not be significant
• Avoid unreasonable restrictions on
permitting
• Public has a right to know about existing
air toxics risk in their neighborhoods
• High risk facilities must reduce risk
•
•
•
•
•
Years of Exposure (30 vs. 70 years)
Age Groups(Bins)
Age Sensitivity Factors (ASF)
Breathing Rates
Chronic Reference Exposure Levels (8hour)
• Fraction of Time at Home
• Worker Exposure Duration (25 vs. 40
years)
• Worker Modeled Concentration
Adjustment
• Dispersion Model Change (EPA’s
AERMOD)
• Spatial Averaging
• Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH),
Creosotes & Lead
Age Groups (Bins)
Current Method
Proposed Method
Age Group
Age Group
3rd Trimester – 0 years
0 – 70 years (Resident)
0<2 years
2<9 years
0 – 9 years (Children)
2<16 years
16<30 years
40 years (Worker)
16-70 years
Age Sensitivity Factors
Current Method
Age Group
Proposed method
Age Sensitivity
Factor
Age Group
Age Sensitivity
Factor
3rd Trimester – 0 year
10
0<2 years
10
2<9 years
3
2<16 years
3
16<30 years
1
16-70 years
1
0 – 70 years (Resident)
0 – 9 years (Children)
1
40 years (Worker)
Long-Term Daily Breathing Rate (L/kg-day)
By age Bin
Method
Group
Measure
3rd
Trimester
Current
Adult
95th pctl.
Adult
80th pctl.
0<2
2<9
2<16
16<30
16-70
393
NA
302
Children
581
NA
Mean
225
658
535
452
210
185
95th pctl.
361
1090
861
745
335
290
80th pctl.
273
758
631
572
261
233
Mean
170
890
470
380
170
170
Worker / Children
95th pctl.
240
1200
640
520
240
230
Adult
95th / 80th pctl.*
361
1090
631
572
261
233
Adult
Proposed
Fraction of Time at Home
Current Method
Age Group
Proposed method
Fraction of Time at
Home
Age Group
Fraction of Time at
Home
3rd Trimester - 0
0 – 70 years (Resident)
0.851
0<2 years
2<9 years
0 – 9 years (Children)
0.721
1
2<16 years
16<30 years
40 years (Worker)
0.730
16-70 years
Reduction in Ambient Risk
3000
Cancer Risk In a Million
2500
2000
Current Risk
1500
New OEHHA
1000
500
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Years
Ambient Air Cancer Risk, San Joaquin Valley (The California Almanac of Emissions and Air
Quality, CARB, 2009)
• Permitting of stationary sources
– BACT for toxics (T-BACT) at above 1 in a million
– Will not issue permits if facility’s cumulative
increase in risk is above 10 in a million
• California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA):
– 10 in a million defined as significant
• Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Act (AB2588):
– Public notification of significant risk facilities at 10
in a million
– Risk reduction required if over 100 in a million
• Incorporate OEHHA’s Risk Assessment
Guideline updates designed to provide
protection of infants and children
• Permitting and CEQA
– Adjust thresholds as necessary to prevent
unreasonable restrictions
– No relaxation of current health protections (no
increase in actual air toxics exposure,
compared to current policies)
• Air Toxics “Hot Spots”
– Enhance public right-to-know and health
protections by retaining current notification
and risk-reduction thresholds
• Incorporate all possible streamlining
efforts in incorporating OEHHA updates
• Develop effective outreach tools and
processes to communicate changes to all
interested parties