Incorporation of the
Virtual Carrier (VCVN) into Operational Test
Presenters:
Matthew T. Rodakis
Charles J. Ricke
860 Greenbrier Circle
Suite 305
Chesapeake, VA 23320
www.avwtech.com
Phone:
757-361-9581
Fax:
757-361-9585
AVW Technologies, Inc
Introduction
The aircraft carrier, with its embarked air wing, is a key strategic national asset and the
preeminent force projection weapon system of the 21st century.
Modeling and Simulation (M&S) initially used by PEO Carriers and NAVAIR to drive the ship
design and attain Sortie Generation Rate (SGR) Key Performance Parameter (KPP).
Subsequent spirals are meant to expand and refine model fidelity into a federation of
applications that will supplement Initial Operational Test and Evaluation (IOT&E) and
possibly provide life cycle support.
The interval between ship delivery and first deployment, particularly of a first-in-class
warship, is packed with system verifications, certifications, tests, and training.
If successful, the Virtual Carrier (VCVN) effort will save tens of millions of dollars and
precious time between delivery of CVN 78 and its first deployment.
Presentation Outline
- Role of M&S in supplementing IOT&E
- VCVN Overview
- CVN delivery and certification
- Use of VCVN to supplement live data
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CVN 78 SGR IOT&E (OPEVAL)
•
•
•
•
CVN 78 will be evaluated as a platform to support the SGR KPP
Conduct a flight operations exercise in conjunction with a Joint Task Force Exercise
(JTFEX) to maximize asset utilization using approved Design Reference Mission
(DRM) air plans.
The test will be conducted under existing environmental operational conditions
– strive to achieve as much realism as possible
– Launch and land aircraft of the 2015 CVW as defined in the DRM.
Eight selected days of the DRM air plan
– the most demanding scenario for CVN 78 to demonstrate the capability to
achieve the SGR requirements
– CVN 78 flight deck operations include aircraft maintenance requirements,
spotting, refueling and rearming all aircraft of the 2015 CVW.
F/A-18F x 12
F/A-18E x12
N-UCAV x 4
F/A-18C
x12
E-2C x 5
MH-60S x 8
(6 ON DECK)
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JSF x 10
EA-18G X 5
MH-60R x12
(6 ON DECK)
3
Design Reference Mission (DRM)
•
The DRM air plan is based on the operational context from Major
Combat Operation (MCO) scenarios
• Seabase defense
• Gain and maintain air superiority
• Deny achievement of threat intentions
•
Air plan structured to determine what SGR can be achieved given
design
• Nine events comprised by five 1+30 and four 1+15 cycles
•
USN CONOPS against formidable MCO threat
• Smart weapons
• Maximize USN survivability
Based on Mission Priorities Common to All MCO Scenarios
 Represents Stressing Ordnance Handling Requirements

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CVN 21 Operational Context
Sea Based Dominance and Persistence
Moscow
Rome
Athens
Algiers
Tripoli
Tehran
Cairo
Baghdad
Riyadh
Khartoum
800 nm = JSF (CV)
1500 nm = J-UCAS
Seoul
Kabul
Islamabad
New Delhi
Karachi
Tokyo
Taipei
Bangkok
Mogadishu
500 nm = FORCEnet/CEC
Beijing
Tashkent
Damascus
Kuala Lumpur
Manila
Guam
DRM CVW
Augmented
Baseline
F/A-18F x 12
+1 Augment
F/A-18F x 13
F/A-18E x 12
F/A-18E x 12
JSF x 20
+4 Augment
JSF x 24
E-2D x 5
+1 Augment
E-2D x
6
EA-18G x 5
+1 Augment
EA-18G x
6
MH-60R x 12
6 on deck
6 BG dispersed
MH-60S x 8
6 on deck
2 BG dispersed
N-UCAS Program
UCAV x 4
6 BG Dispersed
4 BG Dispersed
MH-60R x 12
6 on deck
6 BG dispersed
MH-60S x 8
4 on deck
4BG dispersed
N-UCAS Program
UCAV x 4
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CVN 78 Sortie Generation
Sortie Generation Rate (SGR) is a KPP
• 30-day Sustained Ops:
– 26, 12-hour flying days
– 4 non-flying days
• 4-day Surge Ops:
– 24-hour flying days
• DRM was meant to stress the ship design
– Aircraft type / model / series
– Fuel usage
– Ordnance movement and use
Sortie = “Combat equivalent aircraft sortie” refers to any
strike, strike support and or battle space dominance
mission that originates and terminates on the CVN 78
deck. Includes fixed and rotary wing aircraft.
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SGR Attributes
• Weapon Expenditure Rates
– Air-to-Air
– Air-to-Ground
– HARM / Chaff / Flares
• Underway Replenishment
– Major periodic replenishment of ammunition and fuel
– Mini-replenishments after extended operations
between major UNREPS
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M&S Augments IOT&E
• Title 10, Subtitle A, Part I, Chapter 4, Sec 139 a) 2. (A) (i): the field
test, under realistic combat conditions, of any item of (or key
component of) weapons, equipment, or munitions for the purpose of
determining the effectiveness and suitability of the weapons,
equipment, or munitions for use in combat by typical military users.
• Title 10, Subtitle A, Part IV, Chapter 141, Sec. 2399 (e) (2) (h) (1):
The term ``operational test and evaluation'' has the meaning given
that term in section 139(a)(2)(A) of this title. For purposes of
subsection (a), that term does not include an operational
assessment based exclusively on-- (A) computer modeling; (B)
simulation; or (C) an analysis of system requirements, engineering
proposals, design specifications, or any other information contained
in program documents.
• DoDINST 5000.61 series, M&S VV&A
• SECNAVINST 5200.40, VV&A of Models & Simulations
• COMOPTEVFORINST 5000.1 series, Use of M&S in OT
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M&S Uses in Operational Testing
• M&S may be used to:
– Supplement operational effectiveness and operational suitability tests;
– Aid in the assessment of specific effectiveness and suitability Critical
Operational Issues (COI)
– Assess risk to the program and successful completion of OPEVAL
– Aid in the assessment of interoperability
– Increase operational relevance of DT
– Inject scenario stimuli to evaluate system performance in a threat
environment using scenarios not easily replicated in a T&E
environment.
• shall augment live at-sea testing and shall not be a replacement for live testing
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VCVN Strategy
• PEO Carriers’ directed a study to determine a SGR methodology to
support IOT&E
– COTF / CNAF / CSFTGL / CAN / DOT&E involvement
• Results indicate that the volume of data required for the SGR
assessment could be obtained during a modified Composite
Training Unit Exercise (COMPTUEX or C2X)
– Sufficient for statistical significance
• Cost savings of ~$200M
• Perform six sustained and two surge days at DRM air plan density
– Comparison of overall results as well as individual events, sorties, and
tasks will support the V&V process
– As necessary, model corrections will be made and additional runs for
score conducted
– Correlation of live test results and Federation runs will provide the basis
for final accreditation of the VCVN
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COIs – to – M&S Requirements – to – Test
System
Requirements
Critical Operational
Issues
Derived Analysis
Requirements (User Needs)
M&S Functionality
Requirements
Acceptability
Criteria
CVN 21
ORD
ROC/POE
COI
No.
E2.1.2
TEMP
Sec IV
COTF COI
(from TEMP Part IV)
Will the CVN 78 class be
capable of operating all
carrier capable Navy, Marine
Corps, joint and allied
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
(UAV) and Unmanned
Combat Aerial Vehicles
(UCAV)?
Derived Analysis
Requirements
Derived M&S Functionality
Requirements
The user shall be able to
assess/analyze the
capabilities/limitations of CVN 78
design to embark, spot, move,
maintain, taxi, launch, and recover
aircraft in support of CVN 21 DRM
with reduced manning (KPP). (#1)
The software shall execute the nonsurge Case 1 flight operations days
specified in the DRM, but may
require manual intervention between
days (i.e., non-continuous execution
of flying days).
The user shall be able to
assess/analyze the aircraft
maintenance status to determine if
planned sorties can be supported
(mission capable, spares, nonmission capable aircraft).
The software shall execute the flight
plan by selecting suitable aircraft
(type and squadron) from the air
wing for each mission.
Requirements Flowdown Will Be Basis For COTF Accreditation
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M&S Strategy Ratified
in the CVN 21 TEMP
• The SGR KPP is a measure of the CVN 78’s ability to
employ the embarked the CVW.
• SGR will be represented by executing a DRM in a M&S
environment called the Virtual Carrier (VCVN).
• “The VCVN shall represent, in an M&S environment, the
aviation operations functions, processes, organizations,
systems, elements and components of the CVN 78 class
that must interact to successfully achieve required sortie
generation capabilities of the Air Wing to accomplish
assigned missions.”
TEMP 1610 Section 3.2.3.8(U)
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VCVN Background
• Commissioned in 2004
• Includes multiple development spirals
• Purposes include
– M&S environment for assessing CVN 78 design
capability to support SGR KPP using the CVN 78
DRM
– Support CVN 78 DT/OT efforts, including IOT&E of
CVN 78, through the implementation of real-world
carrier processes associated with SGR.
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VCVN Architecture
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VCVN Functional Areas
Aviation
Operations
Flight/Hangar
Deck
Launch
Management
Recovery
Flight & Hangar
Deck Operations Model
(Air Dept, Air Wing)
Aviation
Mx/
Supply
Aviation
Fuels
Ordnance
Handling
(SGR)
UNREP
HSI
Manpower
Flight Deck
Aviation Data
Lighting
ISP&E
Management
& VLA
UNREP Model
Ordnance Handling
Model (Weapons Dept)
Maintenance
& Supply Model
(Air Wing, AIMD, Supply)
JP-5 Below Deck
Fuels Model
(Air Dept – V-4)
ATC
ISP&E Model
(Air Wing, Intel)
Developing
Interface
Requirement
s
Developing
Requirement
s
-- M&S Used in SGRA #8
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VCVN Architecture
Digitally Integrated
Systems
Flight Deck Management Model
Fuels Model
Ordnance Handling
Weapons Loading
UNREP
Aircraft Maintenance
Integrated Strike Planning & Execution
Air Traffic Control
Aviation C5I
ADMACS
• ISIS
• EATS
• Air / Load Plan Tool
AWIMS
LAN
Human Performance
DRM
Hangar Deck Management Model
High Level Architecture (HLA)
M&S
NSWPC / ISP&E
DAIR / ATC Console
OOMA / NALCOMIS
VISUAL
Moriah
ALIS
Launch
Recovery
Manual Integrated
Flight Deck Lighting & VLA
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Results Feedback to Ship
Design and Model VV&A
Process, and T&E
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CVN 78 Development Timeline
Lay Keel
Launch
Delivery
Nov 09
Jul 13
Sep 15
Post
Shakedown
Availability
End
Sep 16
PDT&T
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Overlay of Ship Milestones and IOT&E
OT-C1
Unit–Level Ship OPS
OT-C1
OT-C2
Aviation Ops
OT-C2
OT-C3 Joint Interoperability/NR OT-C3
Maintenance Phase
Unit Phase
Integrated Phase
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Sustainment Phase
OT-D
Deployment
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Finding Balance with DoE
• Better way to test complex systems
– Yields better process understanding
– Faster planning and analysis
– Uses 20-80% of usual runs / tests / resources
– Better depth and breadth of testing
– Challenges assumptions
– Demonstrates real performance
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Advantages of VCVN
• Full DRM execution at IOT&E
–
–
–
–
30 Continuous Days (Sustained DRM)
1 No-Fly Day
4 Continuous Days (Surge DRM)
$200+ Million (NAVAIR estimate)
• DoE shaped IOT&E
–
–
–
–
6 Days of Sustained DRM Execution
2 Days of Surge DRM Execution
Save ~98% of cost (less VCVN development cost)
Fly ~20% of the DRM
• Mitigates safety concerns
• Reduces aircraft wear
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VCVN Challenges
• Long-term support
– VV&A for IOT&E
– Model development and sustainment
• HLA development
– Model fidelity
– Federate Integration
• Requirements Development
– Refine requirements
• Models are expected to continue to be re-verified, refined,
revalidated, and accredited for appropriate follow-on use based
on the application/ correlation of live test results with model
predictions
– Increased functionality
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Incorporation of the
Virtual Carrier (VCVN) into IOT&E
Presenters:
Matthew T. Rodakis
Charles J. Ricke
860 Greenbrier Circle
Suite 305
Chesapeake, VA 23320
www.avwtech.com
Phone:
757-361-9581
Fax:
757-361-9585
AVW Technologies, Inc.