William O’Sullivan, Director
Division of Air Quality
NJ Department of Environmental Protection
Bill.o’sullivan@dep.state.nj.us
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1. Federal Clean Air Act – Unlikely to change soon
2. Federal EPA rules – many in progress, some delayed
3. States – primary responsibility for attaining health standards
4. Regional Strategies
– Needed for regional problems
– Ozone Transport Commission (Example)
– State Rules still needed
– Interstate transport of Air Pollution – significant impacts on health exceedances are prohibited
5. Local governments/Communities
– More involvement
– Cumulative impacts and EJ
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Pollutant
CO
Lead
NO2
PM10
PM2.5
Ozone
SO2
Existing NAAQS and New Jersey Status
Primary Standards
Level
9 ppm
35 ppm
New monitors
Date
1971
1971
2011
Averaging Time
8-hour
1-hour
Monitoring Data
Status
Attaining
Likely to Attain
Designation/SIP Status
Attainment/Last Maintenance
Plan in progress
No new Requirements
1.5 µg/m3 1978 Quarterly Average Attaining Attainment
0.15 µg/m3 2008
1971
Rolling 3-Month
Average
Annual
Attaining
Attaining
Unclassifiable-Attainment
Attainment 53 ppb
100 ppb and New monitors
150 µg/m3
2010
1987
1-hour
24-hour
Likely to Attain Unclassifiable-Attainment
15.0 µg/m3
35 µg/m3
0.12 ppm
0.08 ppm
0.075 ppm
0.03 ppm
0.14 ppm
75 ppb
1997
2006
1979
1997
2008
1971
1971
2010
Annual
24-hour
1-hour
8-hour
8-hour
Annual
24-hour
1-hour
Attaining
Attaining
Attaining
Attaining
Attaining
Not Attaining
Attaining except for
Columbia
Attainment
Nonattainment/ Redesignation requested
Nonattainment/ Redesignation requested
Standard revoked/CDDs final
Nonattainment/CDDs final
Nonattainment
Attainment except for Warren
County
State designation recommendations - NA for 61 municipalities in 4 counties/unclassifiable rest of state
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Anticipated National Ambient Air Quality Standards Milestones and Regional Haze
Pollutant Standard
NAAQS
Promulgation
Date
Designations
Effective
110(a) SIPs
Due
Attainment
Demonstration/
NAA SIP Due
Attainment
Date
Promulgated
PM2.5
35 µg/m3 daily
Ozone
0.075 ppm 8 hour
Lead 0.15 µg/m3
NO2 Primary 100 ppb 1 hour
SO2 Primary 75 ppb 1 hour
CO
9 ppm 8 hour,
35 ppm 1 hour
CO
No change, new monitoring
NO2/SO2
Secondary
No change
Sep-06
Mar-08
Oct-08
Jan-10
Jun-10
1971
Aug-11
Mar-2012
Dec-09
Jul-12
Dec-11
Feb-12
Aug-13?
NA
NA
NA
Sep-09
(Done)
Mar-11
Oct-11
Jan-13
Jun-13?
NA
Dec-12, CDD in progress instead
Dec-14
Marginal Inventory/
RACT: Jul-14
Moderate: Jul-15
Marginal: Dec-15
Moderate: Dec-18
NA
NA
Jan-14?
Maint Plan
Oct-10
NA
NA
Aug-18?
NA
NA NA
NA
NA
NA
Regional Haze Visibility FTS eff. Jan-09 NA
NA
Progress
Report
Jul-14
Dec-2018 NA
Not Yet Promulgated-Anticipated Schedule
PM2.5
12-13 µg/m3 annual
Proposed Jun-
12, Final Dec-
12?
Ozone
New 8-hour
??? ppm
Jun-14?
Early 2015?
Jul-16?
2015?
Jun-16?
2018?
Jul-19?
2020-25?
Jul-24?
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1.
Fine Particles - continue improvement
– Avoid nonattainment of lower NAAQS
(Scheduled December 2012)
2.
Ozone – exceeds 75 ppb ozone NAAQS
– 2015 attainment deadline for 75ppb NAAQS
– Could exceed 85ppb NAAQS with hot summers (Did in 2012)
– New NAAQS (60 to 70ppb) expected in 2014
3.
Air Toxics – Risks still high
– Primarily Motor Vehicles
– Diesel Dominates Risk
– Cumulative Risk
– Disproportionate Risk - EJ
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1. Clean Data Determinations - Air Quality now better than current NAAQS
2. Attainment Designations in progress – need to demonstrate maintenance of the NAAQS
(10 years)
3. PM offsets - continue until redesignation
- interpollutant offsets possible
4. New NAAQS – December 2012 EPA commitment
5. Need to continue fine particle downward trend
– to avoid exceedances of new NAAQS
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2.5
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1. Primary Cause of Nonattainment in Rural States
2. Growing Air Quality Problem in Northeast
3. Outdoor Wood Burners
• Neighborhood Nuisance
• NJDEP Enforcement – No visible smoke standard
4. Wood Stoves
• Draft Federal standards for new stoves
• Will not solve misuse
• Will not address existing stoves
5. NJ Suburbs and Rural Areas
• Future exceedances of health standards?
• No burn days?
• Woodstove changeout Programs?
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1. Criteria Pollutant – Health and Welfare NAAQS
2. Converts to Sulfates – Major component of Fine Particles
(Precursor)
3. Causes haze – Brigantine Wildlife Refuge (Class 1 area for visibility)
4. Causes acid rain – kills fish, damages plants and structures
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1. NJ Dominated by Coal in 2009 (10 units)
• 4 Units – had scrubbers prior to 2009 (1 will cease coal use in 2015)
• 2 Units – ceased coal use in 2010
• 3 Units – scrubbers operational in 2010
• 1 Unit – will cease coal use in 2013
2. NJ Sulfur in Home Heating Oil Limits
• 2000 ppm now
• 500 ppm in 2014
• 15 ppm in 2016
3. Diesel – EPA Rules
• 15 ppm phased in over last 5 years
Result – Dramatic decrease in S0
2 and sulfates
Challenge – Coal in other states
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1. EPA Prevention of Significant Deterioration Cases
• Air Pollution Control Technology Focus
• Seek Best Available Control Technology
• Examples – Ohio Edison, Homer City, Allegheny, GenOn
2. Clean Air Act Section 126 Petitions
• Health Standard focus
• Seek emission reduction sufficient to avoid exceedances of health standard
• GenOn Portland example
3. EPA Mercury and Air Toxics (MAT) Rules
• Indirectly controls SO
2
4. EPA Cross State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) – Court
Overturned
• SO
2
– generally effective caps
• NOx – not sufficient for 75 ppb ozone
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Table 1
Comparison of Allowable Short-Term Emissions between the 400 MW Coal-Fired Portland Power
Plant and the Proposed 655 MW Natural Gas Fired Newark Energy Center
Max. Allowable Emissions (lbs/hr)
Pollutant
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Particulate (TSP)
Portland
Coal Units
14,720
2,070
416.9
NEC
Gas Turbines
5.6
33.6
15.8
Normalized Max. Allowable Emissions
(lbs/MWhr)
Portland NEC
Coal Units
36.80
5.18
1.04
Gas Turbines
0.009
0.051
0.024
Pollutant
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Particulate (TSP)
Portland Coal Units 2007-2010
Actual Annual Emissions
(tons per year)
29,067
3,321
295.5
NEC Gas Turbines Allowable
(tons per year)
19.7
136.9
57.27
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Number of Days Ozone Standards
Have Been Exceeded in New Jesey
2000 - 2012*
* Data through Sept 21, 2012
70
64
60
52
>0.12 ppm (1-Hour Max)
>0.08 ppm (8-Hour Max)
>0.075 ppm (8-Hour Max)
50
45
44
41
40
39
35
34
36
35
30 30
30
20
10
0
4
18
2000
11
2001
23 23 23
20
21
16
18
17
13
14
11
9 9
2002
4
2003
0
2004
5
2005
3
2006
3
2007
0
2008
0
1
2009
1
2010
0
2011
0
2012

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NO x
Sources:
VOC Sources:
Model Rules/MOUs:
1.
EGU’s (Oil and Gas-fired Boilers) *
2.
High Electric Demand Day (HEDD)
Turbines *
3.
New Small Boilers
4.
Stationary Generators
Model Rules/MOUs:
1.
Large VOC Stationary Storage
Tanks *
2.
Autobody Refinishing
3.
Consumer Products
4.
Architectural/Industrial Coatings
Draft Model Rules:
5.
6.
Non-Road Equipment Idling *
Natural Gas Compressor Stations
Draft Model Rules:
5.
Solvent Cleaning
(Industrial/Commercial)
6.
Paint Thinners (Consumer)
Categories Under Review:
7. Municipal Waste Incinerators
8.
Promote Energy Efficiency/
Renewable Energy
9.
Coal-fired Boilers (EPA)
Category Under Review:
7.
Stage 1 and 2 Vapor Recovery
*Existing NJ Rule Equivalent to Model Already Adopted

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1. Mandatory Retrofit Law
• In last phase – DPWs and miscellaneous on and off-road public diesel vehicles
2. Private off-road construction vehicles
• Implementing EO60
• 175 vehicle pilot program
• Retrofits of certain engines used on state contracts
3.
Ports
• Trucks, ships, cargo handlers, cranes, trains, tugs
• NJ NY Port Authority diesel emission reduction plan
• Other ports also reducing emission (Camden, other states)
• EPA 2015 sulfur limit for oil used by ships
4. Diesel I/M Program
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4. Stationary diesels
• NOx RACT Rules
• Cancer risk management with construction permits
• Model fine particles and NO
2
NAAQS
5. Emergency Electricity Diesels
• Limited to blackouts and brownouts
• Can be used for peaking or DSM only if well controlled
(NOx and PM)
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1. Ozone
• Vehicles – VOC & NOx
• Area Sources - VOC
• Point Sources – Out of State NOx
2. Particles
• Wood Smoke
• Diesel Engines – Especially NonRoad
• Area Sources – Small Engines
• Out of State S0
2 and PM
3. Air Toxics
• Diesels
• Small Neighborhood Sources
▫ Dry Cleaners
▫ Autobody Repair/Painting
• Gasoline
▫ New Vehicles
▫ Maintain Existing Vehicles
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Division of Air Quality Website: http://www.nj.gov/dep/daq/ (links to programs, regulations and other topics found here)
Air Quality Permitting Program: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/aqpp/ (applications, forms, testing information, etc.)
Bureau of Air Quality Planning: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/baqp/ (State Implementation Plans
(SIPs), inventory, etc.)
Bureau of Air Monitoring: http://www.njaqinow.net/Default.ltr.aspx
(monitoring data, NJ air quality forecast)
Bureau of Mobile Sources: http://www.nj.gov/dep/stopthesoot/
USEPA Greenbook for Nonattainment areas: http://epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/ (nationwide information on nonattainment areas and classifications for criteria pollutants)
USEPA State Implementation Plan Status and information: http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/
ISG notices come out on AQPP Listserv. Subscribing to Listserv can be found at : http://www.state.nj.us/dep/aqpp/listserv.html
AirNow: http://www.airnow.gov/ (air quality forecasts)
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