TARTRATE STABILIZATION
via
STARS/Electrodialysis
What is STARS/Electrodialysis
STARS/Electrodialysis
• STABILAB predictive & verification test (DIT/ISTC50
• STARS/Electrodialysis 3,200 gal/hr
• RO 70%+ waste water reduction
clockwise from top left
STARS/ED - Annual Volumes Tartrate Stabilized
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Machines currently in service:
ED800 (ED = Electrodialysis / 800 = gallons per hour)
Terravan, CA
Chandon, CA
St Supery, CA
Winesecrets, CA
Canadian Winesecrets, CAN
Oregon Winery
Cht St Michelle, WA
Vincor Ontario, CAN
Diamond Estate, Ontario, CAN
Oenodia, CA
ED400
ED1600
ED800
ED800
ED600
ED800
ED1600
ED800
ED800
ED800 (Rental unit)
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Average yearly volume processed with above machines: ~ 5,000,000 gal
•
Average yearly volume for Mobile Service units (Winesecrets) : ~1,000,000 gal
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Additional units for 2012: 3 wineries (2- ED800 & 1 ED2400) with annual volume of ~ 3,500,000 gallons
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Total approximate annual volume tartrate stabilized: ~ 8MM to 10MM gallons
•
Annual Global Production: ~ 200 MM gallons or ~ 3% of global wine volume
– ~ 10% sparkling
– ~ 40% red
– ~ 35% white
– ~ 15% rose
STARS/Electrodialysis Economics
If you own a STARS unit:
• Operations cost $ 0.03-0.05 per gallon includes membrane replacement
• Process from 800 up to 3,200 gallons per hour
• Investment $ 200,000 to $ 800,000
Cold stabilization by refrigeration costs $ 0.07-0.16 per
gallon.
2 to 3 year Return On Investment, at today’s energy rates.
Utility rebates are improving this further
STARS/Electrodialysis - How does it work?
Continuous operation, controlled by reduction of conductivity from tartrate
removal. No additives are used to inhibit precipitation or stabilize the wine.
System consists of 4 steps/processes:
•
Determine reduction of conductivity to achieve stability via STABILAB
•
Pass wine between the membranes to reduce conductivity by
removing tartrates via STARS.
•
Monitor conductivity to ensure stability via onboard conductivity
meter
•
Verify wine stability via STABILAB (ISTC50 test)
STARS/Electrodialysis – DIT -> STARS -> ISTC50
A comprehensive approach to Tartrate Stabilization
2-Probe STABILAB with Heating bath
for DIT test to predict tartrate
instability, STARS processing rate
and confirmation test - ISTC50, post
STARS treatment
(DIT- Degree of Tartaric Instability)
(ISTC50- Critical Tartaric Stability Index)
STARS/Electrodialysis ED3200
3,200 gallon per hour system
Semi-automated operation
Can run 24 hours per day with 2 CIP’s
each taking about 1.5 hrs. (~20hrs/day)
STABILAB: Predict Tartrate Stability
• Based on conductivity variation over 4 hrs.
• Wine samples are tested at -4°C / 24.8°F and seeded with KHT
• Calculates drop in conductivity required for an “infinite time” or
“absolute wine stability”
• Provides drop in conductivity rate (DIT) for STARS treatment
(processing rate in %, e.g., 18%, 22%)
• Verifies STARS treated via ISTC50 test (6 days @ -4°C or 24.8°F)
• All results are stored in software, can be printed and converted to
PDF files
• Patented tests (INRA / EURODIA)
• Used in major labs throughout Europe and North America
–
Sarco Laboratories, ETS, Napa Valley Think Tank,
STABILAB DIT Test Result for Tartrate Stability
STABILAB DIT Test Result for Tartrate Stability
STARS/Electrodialysis in Operation
STARS/Electrodialysis in Operation
• Automated operation, regulated by conductivity or pH
– Onboard / Inline conductivity meter
– Hand-held conductivity meter for verification (included)
– 12hr run cycle after which a CIP is required
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•
•
•
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Single pass, tank to tank processing
Pre-filtration at <5 μm required, preferably via XF
Wine should be at cellar temperature
No wine loss (0.5% to 1.5% of total wine volume)
No oxygen pick up
Time saving: up to 64,000 gal/day or more
Power consumption: 0.009 KWh/gal vs. 0.8 to 1.0 KWh/gal for
cold stabilization
• Water consumption: 3% to 5% of total wine volume – not
included is the water used for cooling tower
STARS/Electrodialysis Membranes
Oenodia’s Membrane Stack – 400g/h/stack
TARTRATE STABILIZATION via STARS / ELECTRODIALYSIS
Two-Chamber Membranes
SPACER
SPACER
Water/Conductant
s
ANODE
WINE-out
AT K+ CA++
WINE-in
CATHODE
Conductant/Effluent
CATIONIC
MEMBRANE
Chamber 1 - WINE
ANIONIC
MEMBRANE
CATIONIC
MEMBRANE
Chamber 2 - Conductant
TARTRATE STABILIZATION via STARS / ELECTRODIALYSIS
(Two Compartments Principle)
Stabilized Wine or Grape juice
Conductant/Brine
K : cationic membrane
A : anionic membrane
E : electrolyte
K
A
K
A
K
A
K
A
K
K+
K+
K+
K+
Ca++
Ca++
Ca++
Ca++
A
Anode
T-HT-
+
T--
T--
T--
T--
HT-
HT-
HT-
HT-
Water
Wine or Grape juice
K E
Cathode
-
STABILAB ISTC50 Test Result for Tartrate Stability
Right Technology, Right Time
STARS helps resolve current issues:
• Guaranty stability for 6 days at -4°C / 24.8°F for base, red, white and rose
wines regardless of level of instability or colodial structure by removing
K+, Ca++ and TH• Dial in stability and pH shift (TA shift)
• Stabilize red wines due to reduced barrel count and shortened release
dates
• Manage pH and TA issues (deacidulation)
• Calcium stability
• Increase production without increasing infrastructure
• Save time, money, wine, electricity and water and eliminate use of KHT
• Environmental sustainability “California - Flex Your Power” award
• Wine-just-in-time… (Centrifuge-XF-STARS-Bottling)
STARS/Electrodialysis …… re-cap
Sustainability & Cost
Savings:
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Lowest energy use: 0.007 to 0.01 KWh/gal vs. 0.8 to 1 KWh/gal
for Cold Stabilization
No wine loss – saves at least to 0.5% of total wine volume
Saves between $0.15 to $0.35/case
Low water consumption - 3% to 5% of total wine volume
processed
Save Tartaric Acid / Eliminate use of Cream of Tartar
Comprehensive:
•
Predict, Stabilize, Confirm – create a standard for tartrate
stability (STABILAB-DIT -> STARS -> ISTC50 -> Bottling)
Guaranteed:
•
STARS stabilized wines hold stability for 6 days at 24.8°F
(DIT at – 24.8°F) / Achieves Calcium stability
Reliable:
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In-line conductivity probe & continuous verification of target
Conductivity based on DIT test result.
Flexibility:
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400 to 3200 gal/hr. - larger units available
No tank holding time
Immediately bottle ready
Environmental Sustainability:
Energy required by Wine Production
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Average energy intensity
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–
–
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400 GWh/year [PG&E]
0.8 - 3 kWh/Gallon
$0.09 - $0.33/Gallon
1 – 3 % of revenue stream
• Major energy expenses
– Fermentation
– Clarification-Stabilization
– Other (Lighting, Office
equipment, others)
STARS/Electrodialysis Energy Savings
Southern California Edison measured energy readings
Global STARS/Electrodialysis Units In Use
Total units: 149
France: 45 units
Italy: 45 units
Germany: 4 units
Austria: 2 units
Switzerland: 1 unit
Hungary: 1 unit
Greece: 2 unit
Spain: 7 units
Portugal: 3 units
Morocco: 2 units
Bulgaria: 1 unit
Russia: 3 units
Ukraine: 1 unit
USA: 11 units
Canada: 2 units
Chile Argentina: 5 units
Brazil: 1 unit
Australia: 3 units
New Zealand: 2 units
South Africa: 7 units
China: 1 unit