Introduction to Advancing Sexuality Studies: A short course on sexuality theory and research methodologies Developed by: • The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia and • The International Association for the Study of Sexuality, Culture and Society (IASSCS) • With funding from The Ford Foundation Available under an Attribution, Non-Commercial, Share Alike licence from Creative Commons 2 Schedule Learning activity Time allowed Course introduction, short course credits, schedule, aims What is ‘sexuality’? Introducing (y)ourselves 10 mins 5 mins 10 mins Session 1. Short course background Sexuality studies audit: mini lecture Reflecting on experience The project: mini lecture 40 mins 15 mins 10 mins 15 mins Session 2. So, what is sexuality? Defining sexuality: review Definitions: mini lecture 45 mins 30 mins 15 mins Conclusion Total time: TO BE ADDED 110 mins ( just under 2 hours) 3 What is ‘sexuality’? • Introductory activity: – Spend 5 minutes on your own, writing a short definition of sexuality – We will come back to this definition later 4 Introducing (y)ourselves • In small groups: (5 mins) – What is your name, and what do you like to be called? – Where are you from? (Institution & position, geographical location) – What is your major discipline or interest area? – Tell us something about yourself that only your friends might know • Introduce each other to the whole group (5 mins) • The facilitator(s) will also introduce themselves 5 Session 1. Short course background 6 Background • Developed in response to growing recognition of the need for advanced training in critical sexuality studies in developing countries • Began with an international audit of sexuality training – Context-setting exercise for the development of course materials – Results available from www.sexualitystudies.net 7 Sexuality studies audit • Identified 5 (overlapping) strands of sexuality research: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. HIV/AIDS Sexology Sexual & reproductive health (S&RH) Gender studies Critical sexuality studies 8 Sexuality in HIV/AIDS • Based on public health frameworks • Developing countries or were aimed at developing country audiences • Sexual behaviour = sexual risk • Absence of diverse sexualities not deemed to be at risk of HIV/AIDS e.g. lesbians 9 Sexuality in sexology • Claim to broad multi-disciplinary basis • Sexology is currently highly medicalised • Concentration on sexual pathologies and dysfunctions…. – which are then ameliorated by medical practitioners and therapists trained in psychology 10 Sexology sub-strands • The search for origins or explanations for sexual behaviour – For example, when hormones or genes are investigated as influences in sexual orientation • The behavioural and descriptive strands attempt to capture the diversity of human sexual behaviour – Often referred to as sex research 11 Sexuality in S&RH • Wealthy industrialised countries – Emphasis on issues of reproduction, less on sexually transmissible infections – Sexual and reproductive health is highly individualised • The developing world – Sexual and reproductive health is overtaking a previous focus on sexually transmissible infections and questions of fertility – Extends to social and political questions, including male and female circumcision, and sexual violence 12 Sexuality in gender studies • Often limited to study of women and sexuality; gender as a system of power and relationships is often neglected • Consequently, men are often absent from the discussions except as perpetrators of violence or abuse • Relationship between gender, sexuality and biological sex sometimes poorly theorised • Interdisciplinary nature of gender studies is often not foregrounded when gender is used in the arena of health 13 Sexuality in CSS • Feminism and sexual liberation movements in the 1960s led to growing critique of sexology • New theories of sexuality emerged, loosely described as Critical Sexuality Studies (CSS) • Multifaceted field, crossing several social science and humanities disciplines but with a focus on the shifting relationships of power, knowledge, context, and culture 14 Brainstorm • Think about your personal experiences of involvement in work related to sexuality – Did this work fit under any of the five strands identified? – Do the descriptions of the five strands sound familiar? – In your experience, what were the restrictions or benefits of working under any one particular strand? (10 mins) 15 Project aims • The short course will: – Increase the quality and diversity of research and training activity into human sexuality in the developing world – Develop and enhance existing skills levels in undertaking complex research into, and the development and application of theory, in the field of Critical Sexuality Studies – Connect with other multi-disciplinary investigations and initiatives in international sexuality research and advanced training Cont. 16 Project aims cont. – Create a wider network of researchers and practitioners using critical sexuality studies to investigate and contribute to cultural analysis and production, global sexual and reproductive health, HIV & AIDS, and justice in gender and sexuality – Contribute to the development of an increased global dialogue on human sexuality 17 Overall learning objectives • Short course participants will: – Increase their skills, knowledge and networking capacity in sexuality research and theoretical development – Initiate and stimulate dialogue between locally based knowledge frameworks, CSS and global discussions of sexuality – Work critically with advanced sexuality theory and research methodologies – Employ innovative methods for researching human sexuality in specific settings – Gain enhanced capacities to encourage sexuality research in their own countries and regions 18 Modules • Each module is designed for use: – As a stand-alone or grouped with other modules – To be incorporated into other courses, or – As part of the complete short course • Examples of module titles are: – – – – – Kinship and Sexuality Sexuality, The Body and Personhood Thinking About Men and Masculinities Sex, Sexuality and Gender: Basic Concepts Critical Sexuality Studies and Research Methodologies 19 Session 2. So, what is sexuality? 20 Group work • Form small groups • Each person should briefly review their personal notes from the start of the introduction • Group discussion (10 mins) • Feedback from rapporteurs (15 mins) • Wrap-up (5 mins) 21 Dictionary definitions • The quality of being sexual or having sex … usage recorded 1836 • Possession of sexual powers, or capability of sexual feelings … usage recorded 1879 • Recognition of or preoccupation with what is sexual; allusions to sexual matters … usage recorded 1848 • A person's sexual identity in relation to the gender [sic] to which he or she is typically attracted; the fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual … proposed dictionary addition 2004 OED 22 Theoretical definition Sexuality … [is] an historical construction which brings together a host of different biological and mental possibilities, and cultural forms — gender identity, bodily differences, reproductive capacities, needs, desires, fantasies, erotic practices, institutions and values — which need not be linked together, and in other societies have not been. Weeks, J (2003: 7) Sexuality: Second Edition, Routledge 23 Conclusion • FACILITATOR TO ADD: – Which modules to be presented, estimated timings, and the aims of each module – An overview of key terms and concepts that will be used in the modules presented – • NB: This activity should offer the opportunity for participants to check their own understandings of these terms and concepts 24 • Module created by: – Professor Gary W. Dowsett, Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society Available under an Attribution, Non-Commercial, Share Alike licence from Creative Commons 25