Anumeha Singh
 Measurement of failure/ success
 4 main factor domains
 Hyped up innovations
 Innovations which failed earlier but were
accepted later
Qualitative  emotional, psychological
Quantitative total population of end users
Financial revenue generated
Technical failure
Marketing
failure
Institutional
Failure
Social reasons
(nature of failure under each of the domain is different for different cases)

Presence of Technical Glitch

Technological limitation or support system default :
Electric vehicle, Iridium phone

Not well tested before moving into market

Too advance technology to be accepted

Design Defect
- innovation by APPLE(Newton)
- Electronic Pricing machine

Inadequate market analysis
 Poor understanding of competitors strength
 Inadequate assessment of market potential
 Failure to perform adequate market research
 Bad timing of introduction(Launch)




Higher cost than estimated
Inadequate marketing effort and efficiency
Inadequate sales resource
Inaccurate product pricing

Lack of infrastructure

Inadequate capacity in firms for transition

Lock-in into existing trajectory or regime

Inadequate institutional framework:
 Weak networks and flow of knowledge
 Segway
 New coke
 Iridium Satellite Phone
 Amphibious Car
 Color Photo Copy Machine
 Electronic Pricing machine
 Water fuelled cars
A brilliant and novel technological
device (rated as breakthrough on
the novelty scale).
 Its failing was the closed nature of
its development.
 No prototypes were tested in the
marketplace.
 Very little market research was
done.
 Segway was launched into a
marketplace that simply didn't
need it, or didn't need it at that
price.

 Innovated by a Japanese company Genepax.
 First concept released in Philippines 30 years ago, not much of
its design is so far made public.
 Unrealistic claims by the manufacturer.
 The conversion to hydrogen from water is very inefficient and
impractical.
 Safety issues.

First of its kind implemented
in Singapore for congestion
management.

Technology loopholes were
present.

Causes traffic bottlenecks
along smaller roads.

Payment uneasy.
Invented by 3M in 1972. Taken over
by Xerox.
 Very high expectations.
Inadequate market research
Too advanced for its time.
Expensive as well as impractical.
Major marketing failure.
Step taken to outsell Pepsi sales.
Completely replaced the flagship
brand ‘Coke Classic’.
Well researched for customer
feedback, still failed.
‘Coke Classic’ relaunched within 3
months of the introduction of ‘New
Coke’ due to complete failure.
 Unrealistic planning, insufficient
management control, bungled marketing
and a technological disaster.
 Stiff price. Iridium handsets were priced
as pounds 1,900 and calls were as much as
pounds 5 per minute.
 Mounting technical problems and an
unrealistic launch timetable led inevitably
to poor execution when it came to
marketing.

Internal Refueling of Aircraft

Napster (business model)

THE Million dollar Homepage
http://www.milliondollarhomepage.com/
http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/weblog/pe
rmalink/buy_land_on_the_moon/
“It is not the strongest of the species
that survives, nor the most intelligent,
but the one most responsive
to change.”
—Charles Darwin