John Broadus Watson (1878-1958) By: Mariah Bossé, Heather, Amanda Littell, and Chelsea Schaefer Background • Born in Greenville, South Carolina on 1.9.1878 • He was the 4th of 6 children in a very poor family • Emma K. Roe was his very religious mother. She wanted John to be a minister. • Pickens Watson was his father. He drank a lot and left his wife and kids when Watson was 13. • This effected his behavior in school and was reported to be violent and drink at a young age. Oppositional Defiant Disorder • Children or teenagers having a persistent pattern of tantrums, arguing, and angry or disruptive behaviors toward other people. • As many as one in 10 children may have oppositional defiant disorder in a lifetime. • Some specific symptoms include frequent temper tantrums, argumentative with adults, blaming others for misbehavior, anger, resentment, aggressiveness towards peers, difficulty maintaining friends, and academic problems. • Treatment of ODD results in therapy and possibly medications since it is a mental health condition. ODD (continued) • John Watson seemed to show many signs of having ODD considering he had academic issues in college, showed spiteful behavior, was easily annoyed by people and showed aggressiveness towards his peers and adults in and out of school. Basic Theory • John Watson thought that behavior was all your reactions but not what you do or say. • Watson believed in promoting good behavior and discouraging bad. • Watson thought making agreements in teaching was important as well as consequences, reinforcements and behavior modifications. • Watson believed that the teacher lead the classroom not the students. • Watson thought work had to be broken down into smaller pieces. • Watson saw psychology as the study of people's actions with the ability to predict and control those actions. Basic Theory *continued* • Watson’s views of behaviorism were considered radical and was known for its extreme anti-mentalism. • Watson began studying the behavior of children, as well, concluding that humans were simply more complicated than animals but operated on the same principles. • Another method was extinction which is removing the reactions to whatever the child did. • Children have three basic emotional reactions: fear, rage and love. • Ivan Pavlov influenced Watson about his theory. Education • Went to Furman University at 16 years old. This school was associated with SC Baptist Convention until 1991. • Member of the Kappa Alpha fraternity • Wasn’t the best student he got a few low grades in psychology classes. • He wrote a paper on the opposing side and flunked Gordon Moore’s (his Furman mentor) psychology class and had to stay 1 more year. • Mother died after graduation • Watson went to pursue psychology • Attended University of Chicago in 1900 • Went there with hardly any money so worked as a janitor, waiter, and a rat caretaker. Education Continued • Took psychology classes but didn’t “understand” his teaching. • Instead he switched his major to getting a PhD in experimental psychology his teacher was James Rowland Angell. • Also took animal study classes and studied rats. • Graduated 1903 as a Phi Beta Kappa member and with magna cum laude (with great praise) •At that time he was the youngest person to graduate. •1903-1908 stayed at school as staff and Angell’s assistant. Achievements • Married Mary Ickes in 1904 and had two children with her, Mary and John. • 1908 became a professor at John Hopkins University. • Stayed there for 14 years. • Published “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It” in the Psychological Review in 1913. This was considered Watson founding behaviorism. • Edited Psychological Review and was a founding editor of Journal of Experimental Psychology. • President of the American Psychological Association in 1915 Marriage • John had an affair with Rosalie Rayner his research assistant. • Rosalie was 19 he was 42. • His daughter Polly was the one who found the love letters and Mary’s brother photocopied them. • Mary suggested Rosalie go on a tour of Europe until it blew over but she refused so John and her divorced in 1920. • He had to resign from his teaching career at Hopkins. • Married Rosalie and lived on Whippoorwill farm while he got a job in advertising in 1935. • Moved from the farm in the 50’s and lived in Woodbury, CT until he died Conditioning/Vocabulary • Based off Ivan Pavlov's ideas • Unconditioned Stimulus->Unconditioned (automatic) Response-> reflex • Neutral Stimulus->no reflex response • Neutral changed to Conditioned • Conditioned Stimulus->Conditioned (also automatic) Response • --Behavior Modification- the use of basic learning techniques to alter human behavior • --Conditioning- behavior modification where a subject eventually associates a behavior with a previously unrelated stimulus • --Methodology- practices, procedures and rules used in an area of work Guiding Behavior Watson's theory.. • can be applied in areas such as behavior therapy, parenting and teaching • helps teach simple skills and change unwanted behavior • believes temperament, personality and behavior are based on the environment.. • ..therefore responsibility-->teacher, parent or counselor Modifying Behavior-Teaching • • • • • • • • -Learning-->internal but recognized by behavior -Behaviorists study stimulus-->behavior -Only focused on conditioning process experience/practice leads to a relatively permanent change environment impacts behavior-->control environment classical conditioning focuses on emotional behavior connections between behavior and attitude towards school, teacher, classroom and the subject bad connections must be broken-->adult intervention Modifying Behavior • • • • • • • • Used in parenting and teaching Contracts--> "I will ___ every day until ___." Consequences: --Negative punishment-->take something away, remove stimulus --Positive punishment-->give extra responsibilities, adding unwanted Negative reinforcement-->take away extra responsibilities, removing unwanted Positive reinforcement-->giving (compliments, encouragement), add stimulus Extinction-->take away response to behavior, stop reaction-->time-out “Little Albert Experiment” • • • • • • • • • • Watson tried to condition fear into 11-month old Albert-->animals Starting with rats and then moving farther away in similarities Albert-->very stable Used loud sound when Albert touched object-->steel bars to create fear Used blocks to test emotional state-->back to normal Sound always produces fear-->transfers to animals and masks Transferred to surroundings-->changed room, less fear Tested after time->less fear Never touched item with hands, used feet to push away No opportunity to decondition fear Work Cited • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • http://facweb.furman.edu/~einstein/watson/watson1.htm http://www.sonoma.edu/users/d/daniels/Watson.html www.lifecircles-inc.com/learningtheories/behaviorism/watson.htm http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/behavior+modification?o=100074 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/methodological?o=100074 http://medialab.mst.edu/rhall/educational_psychology/2001/vl1b/behavior_new.html http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:t07fnfLtRBkJ:teach.valdosta.edu/WHuitt/edpsyppt/Theory/b ehthr.ppt+teach.valdosta.edu/WHuitt/Theory/behthr.ppt&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/emotion.htm http://www.behavior.org/parenting/index.cfm?=http%3A//www.behavior.org/parenting/parenting_m cintire.cfm http://www.behavior.org/parenting/index.cfm?page=http%3A//www.behavior.org/parenting/parentin g_mcintire.cfm http://www.behavior.org/parenting/index.cfm?page=http%3A//www.behavior.org/parenting/parentin g_mcintire_kids_tantrums.cfm http://www.behavior.org/parenting/index.cfm?page=http%3A//www.behavior.org/parenting/parentin g_mcintire_Helping_with_School_Skills.cfm http://www.behavior.org/parenting/index.cfm?page=http%3A//www.behavior.org/parenting/parentin g_mcintire_bullies_victims.cfm http://www.behavior.org/parenting/Parenting_Abstracts/BPv4n2.pdf http://www.psychology.uiowa.edu/Faculty/Wasserman/Glossary/punishment.html http://www.minddisorders.com/A-Br/Behavior-modification.html http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/watson.htm