ICAO’s ROLE in
DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS,
PLANNING &
RESPONSE
International Civil Aviation Organization
Brian Day, Air Traffic Management Section
Air Navigation Bureau
First Standard
Contracting States shall arrange for the
establishment and provision of search and
rescue services within their territories. Such
services shall be provided on a 24- hour
basis.
States must provide for
 regions of responsibility,
 rescue coordination centers,
 communication facilities,
 rescue units and equipment.
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ANNEX 12
Chapter 3
Co-operation
 between States within a region, and
 between
administrators
operations personnel.
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THE GLOBAL CONCEPT
ICAO Goal: To provide a world-wide SAR
system that will provide assistance to all
persons in distress regardless of
nationality or circumstance …
The fastest, most effective and practical
way to achieve this goal is to develop
regional systems associated with each
ocean area and continent.
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Aeronautical SAR is
 a high technology &
 high reliability service,
as is nuclear energy & defence.
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International aviation is:
 low risk with high stakes.
SAR is:
 medium risk with high stakes.
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The essential focus
must be on reliability not
productivity.
SAR must provide
extremely reliable
operations.
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Technology is
 smart & complex; and
 introduces new realm for error.
Cause & effect
are more difficult
to find out.
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INCONGRUITY
Constant improvements in
technology, but human errors
remain constant
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Demands prompt flexibility
 Some organizations have responded
to changing demands with:
 JRCCs and multi-skilled workers.
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Internal pressures :
Changes in
 job functions,
 responsibilities,
 skill & knowledge requirements.
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INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Greater capabilities /increased
complexities.
Skill demands grow and change.
Change begets change.
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New technology
and the incessant
demands of industry
and society have
led to the very
re-conceptualisation
of work.
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Traditional organizational boundaries
blurred,
fused and
uncertain.
Is SAR being driven by
change
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STANDARDS
should be considered and
be pro-active not re-active.
Managers must take charge!
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Paradox:
Change demands:
• adaptability,
• innovation &
• sophistication, but
Non-universal Standards
cause weak links, and
intervention of chance will
exploit weaknesses.
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SAR does not need
technical investment,
but
socio-technical investment,
acknowledging the human at
the core.
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The Social Sciences of SAR
human beings need to be:
 properly equipped,
 supported, and
 encouraged.
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Motivation:
a product of personality.
Personality:
dependent on environment.
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ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
Human Error can be found in
 procedures,
 arrangements and
 system construction.
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Herald of Free Enterprise
Mr Justice Sheen:
“The underlying faults
lay higher up in the company
…From the top to the
bottom, the body corporate
was
infected
with
the
disease of sloppiness”
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F28 at Dryden, Ontario
Commissioner Moshansky:
“Had
the
system
operated
effectively, each of the factors
might have been identified and
corrected before it took on
significance. It will be shown
that this accident was a failure
in the air
system”
transportation
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ICAO Publication
Human Factors Guidelines for
Air Traffic Management
Systems@
(Doc 9758) requires a
pro-active approach
to be taken to accident prevention.
- a basis for Preventive SAR
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The fundamentals:
While much is changing,
yet much of consequence remains the
same, the challenge is to:
 uphold the Convention’s standards,
 in a spirit of co-operation,
 with a vision that extends beyond
insular practices & geographic
boundaries,
 and willing participation in global
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International Provisions
CHALLENGES ARE INCREASING
 international provisions of Chicago
Convention will stand the test, and
 give the lead for SAR into 21st century
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