Theories of Management
Classical
Behavioral
Management Science
Systems Theory
Sociotechnical Theory
Contingency Theory
I. Classical School (1850-1920)
Emphasized a rational, scientific approach to
study of management and sought to make
organizations efficient operating machines
Scientific Management
Administrative /Bureaucratic Organizations
Scientific Management
Develop a standard method for performing
each job
Select appropriate workers
Train workers in standard method
Plan work and eliminate interruptions
Provide incentives for increased output.
Scientific Management Pioneers
*Frederick W. Taylor: Father of Scientific
Mgt.
*Frank & Lillian Gilbreth: (Time & motion
studies and many mgt. and HR techniques)
*Henry Gantt: Gantt Charts
Administrative Principles
*Henri Fayol: Father of Administrative Mgt.
Principles of Management
Five basic management functions
– Planning, Organizing. Commanding,
Coordinating, Controlling
* Chester Barnard: Authority and Power
* Mary Parker Follet: Human Relations
Bureaucratic Organizations
*Max Weber: Father of Bureaucracy
Clearly defined formal authority and
responsibility
II. Behavioral Theory (1924- )
*Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Studies and the
Hawthorne Effect!
*Abraham Maslow: Need Hierarchy
*Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Y
Behavioral Science Approach
application of social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
Psychology
Sociology
Motivation
Communication
Leadership
Group processes
III. Management Science (1940-)
Management information systems (MIS).
Forecasting
Inventory control
Linear and nonlinear programming
Queuing theory
Scheduling
Simulation
Breakeven analysis
IV. Systems Theory (1950s-)
Inputs
*Human resources
*Financial resources
*Physical resources
*Informational
Transformation
Outputs
* Products/services
* Profits/losses
* Employee
satisfaction
V. Sociotechnical Theory (1950s/1960s-)
Sociotechnical Systems (STS)
Contingency Theory (1960s/1970s-)
Case View: “Every
situation is unique”
Universalist:
“One best way”
Contingency View:
Organizational
phenomena exist in
logical patterns.
Managers devise and
apply similar responses
to common types of
problems
Comparing Theories