Topic 10 Intro to IO
Enabling Objectives
10.1 STATE the definition of Information Operations (IO).
10.2 LIST five (5) Core Information Operations capabilities.
10.3 LIST five (5) Supporting Information Operations capabilities.
10.4 IDENTIFY the three (3) related capabilities of Information Operations.
Information Operations
Information operations (IO) are described as the integrated
employment of :
Electronic Warfare (EW)
Computer Network Operations (CNO)
Psychological Operations (PSYOP)
Military Deception (MILDEC)
Operations Security (OPSEC)
In concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to
influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp adversarial human and
automated decision making while protecting our own.
Electronic Warfare
• Electronic Attack (EA)
• Electronic Protect (EP)
• Electronic Support (ES)
Electronic Attack (EA)
Types Of Nondestructive EA
– Jamming
– Deception
Electromagnetic Deception
Manipulative Electronic Deception (MED)
Simulative Electronic Deception (SED)
Imitative Electronic Deception (IED)
Electronic Protection (EP)
•
Action taken to protect the friendly use of the
spectrum, associated personnel, equipment and
facilities
•
Deny the enemy effective use of electronic
warfare capabilities
•
Ensure friendly electronic warfare operations
will not disturb friendly combat capabilities
Electronic Protection
Two Types Of EP Measures:
– Protective - Measures taken during training, planning,
and the establishment of communications and noncommunication electronic systems
– Remedial - Those measures taken when friendly
assets are the subject of enemy electronic warfare
operations of any kind
Electronic Support (ES)
• Tasked by or under the control of the
operational commander
• Search for, locate, identify and intercept
radiated energy
• Immediate threat recognition, targeting
and avoidance
Computer Network Operations
Computer Network Attack
Computer Network Exploitation
Computer Network Defense
Psychological Operations
• The Use of Mass Media to Convey Selected
Information and Indicators to Foreign Audiences, to
Influence Emotions, Motives, Objective Reasoning
and Ultimately the Behavior of the Local Populace
Towards US Forces
PSYOP Core Competencies
Language
Proficiency
Social
PSYCH
Loudspeakers
& Meetings
Country
&
Region
Familiarization
Marketing
Print
Presses
Analysis
&
Planning
Pre & Post
Testing
Radio & TV
PSYOP Capabilities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Amplify Effects of Operations
Inform Various Audiences
Target Enemy Morale and Will
Sustain Friendly Morale
Exploit Differences
Offer Alternative to Conflict
Influence Local Support
Support Deception
Project Favorable U.S. Image
PSYOP Limitations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Time
Opponent Ability to Counter
Target Audience Info
Evaluation and Feedback
Coordination
Qualified PSYOP Personnel
ROE and Legal Constraints
Accessibility of Target
Measures of Effectiveness
2nd, 3rd, 4th Order Effects
Levels of PSYOP
• Strategic
• Operational
• Tactical
Public Affairs And
Psychological Operations
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PUBLIC AFFAIRS
INFLUENCES
CREDIBLE
PRECISE TARGETING
PROVIDES
SELECTED INFORMATION
USUALLY CONTROLS MEANS
OF TRANSMISSION
GOAL: ACHIEVE DESIRED
AUDIENCE BEHAVIOR
INFORMS
FACTUAL
BROAD
FOCUS
PROVIDES ALL INFORMATION
SECURITY PERMITS
DOES NOT CONTROL MEANS OF
TRANSMISSION
GOAL: AUDIENCE MAKES
INFORMED DECISIONS
Military Deception
• Actions Taken to Mislead the Enemy,
Causing Them to Derive and Accept
Friendly Intentions.
Key Terms
•
•
•
•
•
Deception Objective
Deception Target
Desired Perception
Deception Story
Deception Means
• Deception Course of
Action (COA)
• Deception Event
• Deception Actions
Feints
• Involves Actual Contact
• Not main Effort/Assault
Demonstration
Displays
• Simulations – Dummy Equipment
• Disguises – Truck=Tank
• Portrayals – Infantry=Artillery
Ruses
• “Trick of War”
• Deliberate Placing of False Information
Civil and Public Affairs
• Civil Affairs - conducted to gain maximum
support for US forces from the civilian
population
• Public Affairs – will not intentionally target
or mislead the US public
THE MILITARY VIEWPOINT
Media as a Logistical Burden
1600+ News media in Saudi to report Desert Shield/Storm the war.
Amazing...
they keep coming...
planeload after
planeload
Yeah... and
those are just
the reporters
THE MEDIA VIEWPOINT
Military as Censors
We been
told to
guard
Iraqi
P.O.W.s?
Nope,
American
Media
Public Affairs
Contributes to Ops
In many cases, the ability of public affairs to
inject a well-timed truth into the equation can
have as significant an impact upon an
adversary as a detailed deception plan.
A CONCEPT FOR INFORMATION OPERATIONS
Operations Security
The Process of Denying Enemy
Information About Friendly Capabilities
and Intentions by Identifying,
Controlling and Protecting Indicators
Associated With Planning and
Conducting Military Operations
Supporting Capabilities
•
•
•
•
•
Information Assurance (IA)
Physical Security
Physical Attack
Counterintelligence (CI)
Combat Camera (COMCAM)
Related Capabilities
• Public Affairs (PA)
• Civil-Military Operations (CMO)
• Defense Support to Public Diplomacy
(DSPD)