Smoking Patterns among
Chinese Rural-Urban Migrant
Workers 农村流动人群吸烟模式
Tingzhong Yang
Center for Tobacco Control Research,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Objective
To estimate smoking prevalence and identify
correlates of smoking initiation among ruralurban migrant workers.流动期吸烟启动因素
Significance
1.Avaluete smoking trend in
period of migrant
2. Tailed management measures
in considering no smoking policy.
hypothesizes
1. Stress relief theory.
2. Yin-Yang theory
by rapid modernization and industrialization, there is
massive rural-to-urban migration. The number is 160
million in 2010, which will represent approximately
25 % of the Chinese working population(National
Bureau of Statistics of China,2011).有大量流动人群
We hypothesize that this population may be highly
susceptible to tobacco use for a number of reasons.
Mainly related to adaptation to urban life and
unstable living situations , may trigger smoking
among the migrants[Niaura R,2002; Baluja KF,2003;
Yang T,2007)and Yin-Yang problem.假设流动致高吸
烟率
Methods
A multi-stage cluster sampling procedure was
to select our subjects[Chen X, Prev Med,
2004)Yang T, Social Behavior and
Personality,2006). 多阶段抽样
In Stage 1, we selected three cities: Chengdu,
Shanghai, and Beijing. 选三城市
In Stage 2, we obtained a composite sample
by occupational cluster and worksite, which
Three types of worksites and subsets were
used,(1) factory site (2) construction sites 3)
service sites .按工作场所选抽样单位
In Stage 3, we selected as eligible
participants rural-urban migrant workers who
were aged 18 years or older.
Data collection
Data were collected by trained interviewers
through face-to-face interviews in the
households of participants. 面对面访谈
Pre-migration smoking status was assessed
retrospectively, which was tested to be valid.
Nicotine Dependence: assessed using
Mandarin Chinese Version of the Fagerström
Test for Nicotine Dependence (CFTND) [Yang
and Saul , Nicotine Tob Res,2011].尼古丁依赖
Results
* A total of 4,198 migrant workers participated
in our survey.
*Overall smoking prevalence was higher
subsequent to migration (28.4%) than prior
(20.6%) (p<0.01).流动前后吸烟率
*The total CFND score for all current daily
smokers was 3.39( SD: 2.32) .尼古丁依赖分
值
Both post-migration prevalence of overall
smoking and occasional smoking exceeded premigration figures (Table 1).流动前后吸烟率
Smoking initiation during the migration period
varied by sociodemographic and migrant
characteristics of participants (Table 2).吸烟启
动因素
The results of the MANOVA analyses of CFTND
scores among daily smokers(Table 3).依赖分析
Smoking initiation situations for
smokers(Table4) 吸烟启动情境
migrant smoking prevalence table.doc
Discussion
Our study shows that smoking prevalence
increased among rural-urban migrant workers
pursuant to their city migration. This due to
solitude, stress, and higher income, the
migrants are at excess risk of becoming
smokers, whether daily or occasional(Niaura
R, Addict Behav,2002; Baluja KF, Am J Public
Health,2003; Yang T, Health Behavior Theory
and Research,2007).
First migration, length of migration, and
number of cities ever lived were associated
with nicotine dependence.
Smoking behavior among rural-urban migrant
can be interpreted by stress relief and YinYang theory. Smoking means Yin and Yang
are out of balance(excess of Yin) among
rural-urban migrant. 压力释放和阴阳理论
Policy application
*Regulate relationship between Yin and Yang.
Build community worknet to make them to
social participant. Provide social support and
emotional support, and service (Yang T,
Community mental health journal,2011).
Orginize social activities in work unit.
调整阴阳关系
*Tailed education and management
measures target rural-urban migrants in
considering no smoking public place and
work setting policy.
(Often smoking rate in banning public
place in Hangzhou 0.0%, 0.0%, 2.4% ,
7.0% ,and 2.6% in managers and
clerks, professionals, Commerce and
service, technical and operations
workers, and retired).无烟公共场所应该
考虑对这一部分人的教育和管理举措。
Thank You