Write reflection notes all day
Empty your mind of thoughts all the day
One reflection for each paper
Anderson, H. H. (1959). Creativity in perspective. In H. H. Anderson (Eds.), Creativity and its cultivation, New
York, Harper
Motivation
Avoid external evaluation
(1/6)
External evaluation is power OVER the innovator...
Power over another is the ultimate achievement of
conformity by the individual to external standards
Anderson, H. H. (1959). Creativity in perspective. In H. H. Anderson (Eds.), Creativity and its cultivation, New York,
Avoid external evaluation
(2/6)
Extrinsic motives can cause a person to
divide his/her attention
between extrinsic goals and the task at hand
Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York, Springer-Verlag
Avoid external evaluation
(3/6)
Contracting for a reward leads to
lower levels of creativity
McGraw, K. O, & McCullers, J. C. (1979). Evidence of a detrimental effect of extrinsic incentives on breaking a mental set. Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology, 15, 285-294
Kruglanski, A. W., Friedman, I., & Zeevi, G. (1971). The effects of intrinsic incentives on some qualitative aspects of performance. Journal of
Personality, 39, 606-617
Hennesey, B. A. (1989). The effect of extrinsic constraints on children’s creativity while using a computer. Creativity Research Journal, 2,
Avoid external evaluation
(4/6)
Reward and recognition that
confirm competence (creative performance)
are synergistic to intrinsic factors
- and therefore increase creativity
No reward/recognition for output
Eisenberger, R., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Incremental effects of reward on creativity, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
81, 728-741
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York,
Plenum
Avoid external evaluation
(5/6)
Positive evaluation
prior to a performance
has negative effects on creativity
Bartis, S., Szymanski, K., & Harkins, S. G. (1988). Evaluation and performance: A two-edged knife. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 242-251
Berglas, S., Amabile, T. M., & Handel, M. (1981). Effects of evaluation on children’s artistic creativity. Unpublished manuscript, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
Amabile, T. M., Goldfarb, P., & Brackfield, S. (1990). Social influences on creativity: Evaluation, coaction, and surveillance. Creativity Research Journal, 3, 6-21
Avoid external evaluation
(6/6)
Gain reward (winning) diminishes creativity
Non-gain (avoid losing) increases creativity
Friedman, R. S. (2009). Reinvestigating the effects of promised reward on creativity, Creativity Research Journal, 21, 258-264
Avoid person focus
Factors that are work/task focused
rather than person-focused
are positively related to creativity
Runco, M. A., & Chand, I. (1995). Cognition and creativity. Educational Psychology Review, 7, 243-267
Sternberg, R. J. and Lubart, T. I. (1996). Investing in creativity, American Psychologist, 51, 677-688
Create task focus
Creative insights arise when people
are focused on a particular problem,
thus not focused on themselves
or any other factor around
Kaplan, C. A. & Simon, H. A. (1990). In search for insight. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 374-419
Bowers, K. S., Regehr, G., Balthazard, C., & Parker, K. (1990). Intuition in the context of discovery. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 72-109
Sleep, thirst, food...
Self-actualized creativity is
the spontaneous expression of the person
whose basic needs have been satisfied
Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ, Van Nostrand
Keep it simple and short
A highly intrinsically motivated state is achieved when
people are engaged in an activity where the
challenges match their level of skills
Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Csikszentmihalyi, I. S. (Eds.). (1988). Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness.
Tools for
motivation
Please sit down
Task focus
No personal introduction
- but replaced by other kinds of introduction
Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis,
Aalborg University
Task focus
Never focus on the participants...
- background
- education
- work experience
- personal preferences
etc.
Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis,
Task focus
Never focus on the participants...
NEVER SAY: “You are an economist, so...”
NEVER SAY: “You are a sailor, so...”
NEVER SAY: “You have tried this before, so...”
Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis,
Task focus
Make the task at hand fill as much as possible
- Put it on the wall
- Write it down in front of you (leave it on the table)
Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis, Aalborg
University
Task focus
Make the task at hand fill as much as possible
- Remove any artifact that reminds of previous tasks
- Only bring in artifacts WHEN they are needed
Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis,