SIGMUND FREUD
By: Carolina Duron
Psychology
10-E
THE BEGINNING
Freud was always top of his class, teachers
referred to him as a genius boy, with a wide
range of intelligence.
 Ernst Brucke gave a young Freud his first job,
where he became interested on studying
neurophysiology.
 In 1881 he received his medical degree, since he
was engaged he reluctantly took a stable job as a
doctor in the Vienna General Hospital.
 His marriage being happy gave Freud 6 children,
the youngest Anna became a well-known
psychoanalyst herself.

SIGMUND FREUD
ALL THROUGH TIME…
Freud set up a private practice in the treatment
of psychological disorders, which gave him much
of the clinical material on which he based his
theories and his pioneering techniques.
 Before Brucke had helped him go into a special
selection of studies and a job, Freud had invented
a cell-staining technique in neurology. This
helped him later on in his career when writing his
different books.
 When Freud visited Paris he became interested in
the idea of hypnosis and working with cases of
hysteria although he had never though about it
himself, Freud witnessed many of the actual
hypnosis tests.

Charcot, a French neurologist introduced the
idea of hypnosis for hysteria cases and other
abnormal mental conditions.
 When Freud came back to Vienna he did some
experiments with hypnosis yet he found that its
effects didn’t last long enough to actually help his
studies or the purpose of the experiment.

FREUD AND HIS INSPIRATIONS
Although Freud has been considered a classical
and an original thinker, his different works were
products of his childhood or any given past
trauma. With this in mind its easy to understand
how his book “The Interpretation of Dreams” is
based on the very hard time he had when his
father died.
 Two other famous thinkers that helped Freud
from time to time, (though never away from the
Freudian way of thinking ) Charcot and Breuer
inspired Freud to think outside the box and even
consider factors he would have never called
important with science, such as his past marriage
or past jobs, and the places they occurred in.

THE RESULTS
After self-analyzing himself for many times,
Freud learned that in real life he had fantasies
and phobias he never considered real.
 He then found out that in his youth he had many
times fantasized that his half-brother was really
his father.
 He also found out other underlying meaning of
this little fantasy he had apparently thought and
held on too for a great part of his youth. He then
realized that he wished his father dead because
he was rival for his mothers love. All of this then
became the beginning of the Oedipus complex. In
which a child kills one parents to have a life with
the other.

THEORIES


Freud was not the
creator of the conscious
or unconscious mind but
one of his most famous
and still used theories
about it were the most
popular in its time. Back
in the nineteenth
century it wasn't very
well thought of to think
about how the beha-
vior of every human
been was controlled by
mental processes, either
by the conscious or the
unconscious mind. He
studied a wide range of
ideas about it, and set
out to get an
explanation to what
really happens and
how everything works
inside a person mind
and way of thinking.
THE CONSCIOUS MIND, WHAT YOU ARE AWARE OF, MEMORIES, THOUGHTS, FANTASIES.
THE PRECONSCIOUS, MEMORIES FEELINGS CLOSELY RELATED AND AFFECTING THE CONSCIOUS
MIND.
THE UNCONSCIOUS, THINGS, THOUGHTS, DRIVES, IDEAS, TRAUMAS THAT HAVE THEIR ORIGINS
THERE OUR MOTIVATIONS DON'T MATTER THEY ARE JUST WHAT OUR MINDS KNOWS IT NEEDS.
•Inside the unconscious is
the id, mostly known as the
needs, the nervous system
of person, given since
birth.
•Then in the conscious
there sis the ego, in time
the id becomes and ego,
and only thinks about what
the organism wants and
when it wants it.
•The super ego works in
the middle giving warnings
and advice about certain
courses of action. This also
includes the life and death
instincts creating the
humans natural creation to
fear.
FREUD…
VIDEOS!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfGsjQ_0l54&f
eature=related
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sj2JFI4BsRQ&
feature=PlayList&p=C4ACB37E90602660&playn
ext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=76ç
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pje-pzGILuc

ANXIETY

According to Freud anxiety had a mayor role in
a persons life. To begin with anxiety was to be
afraid, to feel threatened, overwhelmed by
something. Anything! Anxiety can be divided
according to Freud, there are three types of
anxiety, there is realistic anxiety( which might
be known as simple fear, a little off, but still a
sense of uneasiness), there is moral anxiety(
these means that the fear, uneasiness, and
threat a person feels is coming from and
internal threat not from the outside world), and
there is the neurotic anxiety( here people are
afraid to loose control in emotions, these are
impulses form the id.)
 As
you can see many classifications
have a very specific type of
distinguishing itself. Depending on
the way person thought of themselves
or of other people psychotherapists
such as Freud could determine what
type of anxiety his or her patient was
suffering from. Now these aren't
original Freudian ideas but Freud
was the first one to actually base his
studies and to use these ideas in all
his analysis and in his ways of
thinking.
THERAPY
THERAPY
BIOGRAPHY

Bettelheim, B. Freud and Man’s Soul. Knopf, 1982.

Cavell, M. The Psychoanalytic Mind: From Freud to Philosophy. Harvard University Press, 1993.

Chessick, R.D. Freud Teaches Psychotherapy. Hackett Publishing Company, 1980.

Cioffi, F. (ed.) Freud: Modern Judgements. Macmillan, 1973.

Dilman, I. Freud and the Mind. Blackwell, 1984.

Edelson, M. Hypothesis and Evidence in Psychoanalysis. University of Chicago Press, 1984.

Fancher, R. Psychoanalytic Psychology: The Development of Freud’s Thought. Norton, 1973.

Farrell, B.A. The Standing of Psychoanalysis. Oxford University Press, 1981.

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Freeman, L. The Story of Anna O. – The Woman who led Freud to Psychoanalysis. Paragon House,
1990.
Frosh, S. The Politics of Psychoanalysis: An Introduction to Freudian and Post-Freudian Theory.
Yale University Press, 1987.
Grünbaum, A. The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique. University of
California Press, 1984.
Hook, S. (ed.) Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method, and Philosophy. New York University Press,
1959.
Jones, E. Sigmund Freud: Life and Work (3 vols), Basic Books, 1953-1957.
Klein, G.S. Psychoanalytic Theory: An Exploration of Essentials. International Universities Press,
1976.

MacIntyre, A.C. The Unconscious: A Conceptual Analysis. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1958.

Freud. Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. 3 (ed. P. Edwards). Collier Macmillan, 1967.

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Mackay, N. Motivation and Explanation: An Essay on Freud’s Philosophy of Science. International
Universities Press, 1989.
Masson, J. The Assault on Truth: Freud’s Suppression of the Seduction Theory. Faber & Faber,
1984.

Popper, K. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchinson, 1959.

Pendergast, M. Victims of Memory. HarperCollins, 1997.

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Reiser, M. Mind, Brain, Body: Towards a Convergence of Psychoanalysis
and Neurobiology. Basic Books, 1984.
Ricoeur, P. Freud and Philosophy: An Essay in Interpretation (trans. D.
Savage). Yale University Press, 1970.
Schafer, R. A New Language for Psychoanalysis. Yale University Press,
1976.
Sherwood, M. The Logic of Explanation in Psychoanalysis. Academic
Press, 1969.
Stewart, W. Psychoanalysis: The First Ten Years, 1888-1898. Macmillan,
1969.
Sulloway, F. Freud, Biologist of the Mind. Basic Books, 1979.
Thornton, E.M. Freud and Cocaine: The Freudian Fallacy. Blond &
Briggs, 1983.
Wallace, E.R. Freud and Anthropology: A History and Reappraisal.
International Universities Press, 1983.

Whyte, L.L. The Unconscious Before Freud. Basic Books, 1960.

Wollheim, R. Freud. Fontana, 1971.
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Wollheim, R. (ed.) Freud: A Collection of Critical Essays. Anchor, 1974.

Wollheim, R. & Hopkins, J. (eds.) Philosophical Essays on Freud.
Cambridge University Press, 1982.
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http://www.iep.utm.edu/freud/
Freud's work is preserved in a 23 volume set called The Standard
Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud.
For a briefer overview, you might want to try Freud's A General
Introduction to Psychoanalysis or New Introductory Lectures on
Psychoanalysis. They are a part of The Standard Edition, but can also
be found separately and in paperback. Or you might try a collection, such
as The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud. Some of Freud's most
interesting works are The Interpretation of Dreams, his own favorite,
The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, about Freudian slips and other
day-to-day oddities, Totem and Taboo, Freud's views on our beginnings,
Civilization and Its Discontents, his pessimistic commentary on
modern society, and The Future of an Illusion, on religion. All are a part
of The Standard Edition, but all are available as separate paperbacks as
well.
The father of psychoanalysis has been psychoanalyzed many times. First,
there is his official biography, by his student Ernest Jones. More recent is a
biography by Peter Gay. A highly critical account of Freud's work is Jeffrey
Masson's The Assault on Truth. The best book I've come across on Freud
and the entire psychoanalytic movement is Revolution in Mind: The
Creation of Psychoanalysis, by George Makari. The commentary on and
criticism of Freud's work is unending!
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