3 stages of development
 There are three stages in the development of
pragmatics.
 The 1st stage occurred in 1930s. The term “Pragmatics”
was used at a the 1st time. It was the branch of
Semiology/semiotics= the study of signs.
Pragmatics
 In 1938, Carnap said that pragmatics should focus on
relationship between users, words and reference
relationship.
 In 1940, Charles Morris divided semiology into 3 parts:
syntactics/syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
 Then, the 2nd stage: From 1950 to 1960: 3 philosophers:
Austin, Searle and Paul Grice established their theory
of Speech act and implicature theory.
 The 3rd Stage: in 1977, Jacob L. Mey published the 1st
Journal of Pragmatics in Holland.
 In 1983, Levinson wrote his book “Pragmatics” whereas
Geoffrey Leech wrote his “Principle of pragmatics”.
 In 1988,the set up of International Pragmatics
Association (IPrA). This was a year which noted as a
year when pragmatics turned into an independent
discipline.
Schools of Pragmatics
 There are two schools of pragmatics: Br. And
Am.school and European School.
 British and American school had a focus on sentence
structure and grammar: deictic expression,
conversational implicature, presupposition, speech and
conversational structure. It was called : Micropragmatics.
 The European school had a wider focus. It focused on
macro-pragmatics scope like conversational analysis,
cultural anthropology, social linguistics and
psycholinguistics in the process of communication.