Large scale CDM methodologies for mass rapid
transport systems
Practitioner Workshop
Improvement of CDM methodologies for transportation
Bonn, Germany, March 2011
Victoria Novikova
Associate Programme Officer-Methodology Development and Improvement
UNFCCC Secretariat, Sustainable Development Mechanisms
Outline
Overview of large scale methodologies for transportation under
CDM
AM0031: determination of baseline, project & leakage emissions
ACM0016: determination of baseline, project & leakage
emissions
Applicability of AM0031 & ACM0016
Methodology application
Key challenges of CDM transport projects
Overview of large scale methodologies for transportation
AM0031
Baseline methodology for bus rapid transit projects
AM0031
Baseline methodology for bus rapid transit projects
AM0031: determination of baseline emissions
AM0031: project emissions
Only from the new transport system:
• Option 1. fuel consumption data
• Option 2. specific fuel consumption & distance data
AM0031: leakage emissions
Emissions included as leakage
Congestion change provoked by project resulting in (inter alia):
• Increased vehicle speed
• Rebound effect
• Upstream emissions of gaseous fuels in case more gaseous
fuels are used by the project case compared to the baseline
case
Change of baseline factors monitored during project and included
as leakage:
• Change of load factors of taxis provoked indirectly by project
• Change of load factor of remaining conventional buses
provoked indirectly by project
ACM0016
Baseline methodology for mass rapid transit projects
ACM0016 Baseline methodology for mass rapid transit projects
ACM0016: determination of baseline emissions
ACM0016: project emissions
ACM0016: leakage emissions
– Changes in the load factor of taxes & busses ;
– Reduced congestion on affected roads (provoking
higher average speeds, determined for passenger
cars & taxis)
– Induced traffic (for passenger cars & taxis) and
rebound effect
Applicability
AM0031
ACM0016
Construction & operation of
Construction & operation of
BRTS (feeder + trunk routes) MRTS or BRTS (trunk
routes)
Methodology application
Projects
AM0031
ACM0016
Under validation
5
2
At registration
2
2
Registered
2
0
Registered emissions
464,630
0
Request for issuance
4
0
Issued
1
0
Total Issued CERs
(tonnes)
277,044
0
Key challenges of CDM transport projects
• Baseline emissions determination
– many dispersed emission sources
– methodologies require surveys
– indirect effects can be significant (e.g. positive and
negative rebound effects)
• Additionality demonstration
– Investment analysis is more difficult in case of
public investors (e.g. consideration of subsidies)
Thank you for your attention!
Supplementary slides
Methodology improvement: objectivity,
applicability, and usability of methodologies
• Readability and language
• Internal consistency and consistency with other methodologies
• Referencing tools
• Use of conservative default values or discount factors to
calculate emissions
• Omitting insignificant emission sources
• Relaxing applicability conditions (e.g. by making conservative
assumptions for the calculation of emission reductions for the
relevant project types)
• Simplifying or replacing with conservative default values certain
monitoring requirements