Stem cells and Cancer Cells
I. Stem cells
Embryonic development
Day
Cells
Event
1
2
Cleavage
2
4
Cleavage
3
6-12
IVF/ cloning
4
1632
Morula- solid
ball of cells
5
150
Blastocysthollow ball
6-7
7-10
Adult stem cells:
unipotent
Implantation
Gastrula=
germ layers
form
Tissues without adult stem cells?
Germ layers:
• ectoderm
• mesoderm
• endoderm
Stem cell research
Adult stem cell research
Embryo stem cell research
Stem cell potential
Incompatibility, ethics, and the law
Adult cell cloning
IVF/ PGD and stem cell research
Questions
How does the ‘PGD technique’ circumvent the ethical issues
surrounding the use of embryos in stem cell research?
a. it doesn’t
b. embryos are not used in any way for this technique
c. embryos are not destroyed
d. only dead embryos are used
What is the advantage of using embryonic stem cells over other
types of stems cells?
a.They divide more quickly
b.There is less controversy in using them
c.They are easier to work with
d.They are more versatile
Questions
Even with tissues derived from embryonic stem cells, patients still
face the problem of tissue incompatibility. What is one way this could
be overcome?
a. Use tissues derived from modified PGD
b. Use tissues derived from adult stem cells
c. Use tissues derived from cloned embryos
What is the current federal law regarding embryonic stem cell
research?
a. There are no restrictions
b. Federal funding is allowed only for research on existing lines
c. All embryonic stem cell research is illegal
d. Embryonic stem cell research is allowed on defective embryos
only
Questions
Which of the following is derived from ectoderm?
a. Bone
b. Red blood cells
c. Brain
d. Liver
Which of the following is a correct statement about pluripotent
stem cells?
a. They have the ability to turn into any type of cell or tissue
b. They are limited in being able to turn into the tissue from
which they are derived
c. They are derived from the morula
d. They have the ability to turn into any type of germ layer tissue
II. Cancer:
a problem in mitosis (usually stem cells)
A. Two types of tumors (neoplasms)
B. Cancer cell anatomy and physiology
1. differentiation
2. shape
3. embryonic proliferation
4. non-programmed cell death
C. Genes and cancer
1. oncogenes
2. tumor suppressing genes
3. telomerase
A. Two types of tumors (neoplasms)
An inappropriate proliferation of cells
Neoplasms: two types
benign
malignant
Metastasis
B. Cancer cell anatomy and physiology
1. differentiation
2. shape
3. proliferation
4. Non-programmed cell death: telomerase
Telomeres and telomerase
TTAGGG repeats
Cells with telomerase:
Early embryo cells
Stem cells
Cancer cells
Stem cells, cancer, and aging
C. Genes and cancer
Ink4
1. oncogenes
2. tumor suppressing genes (p53)
3. Telomerase genes
Progression of cancer
Questions
What is the problem with enhancing the activity of Ink4?
a. Increased risk of cancer
b. Speeding up of the aging process
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a or b
What are oncogenes?
a. Genes that regulate cell division
b. Genes that suppress tumors
c. Genes that reestablish telomeres
d. Mutated proto-oncogenes
If you live long enough, you will likely get cancer.
a. True
b. False
The end