Assoc. Prof.Dr.İRFAN ÖZBERK,
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Born in 1958 in Nazilli,Aydın,Turkey
Graduated from Fac. Of Agr. Of Ege Univ.,İzmir,Turkey,
Credit supervisor in Turkish Agr. Bank in 1982-85
1986-2000 (Southeastern Anatolian A.R.I, Diyarbakır)
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1987 Mexico, training
1990-92 England, M.Phil.,
1994-2000, Breeder, Head of Dept.,Director,
1997 Ph.D, Çukurova Univ.Adana,
Breeder of Aydın-93, Fırat-93, Ceylan-95, Harran-95,
Altıntoprak-98, Sarıçanak-98,Ozberk, Urfa-2005,
Nurkent,Karacadağ-98, Sahin-91, Sur-93
2000 Dept. Of Field Crops, Fac. Of Agr.,The Univ. Of
Harran,
2006 Assoc. professor
Assoc. Profesor El Dr. Özberk, İrfan,
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Nacio en la ciudad de Nazilli de Turquía en 1958
Ensambló la facultad agrícola de universidad de Ege en 1976 y graduó en 1981.
Empleado por el banco Turkish Agricultural en Diyarbakir a partir de 19821986.
Movido al Instituto agrícola del sureste Anatolia en 1986.
Fue a México para los 8.5 meses el entrenamiento en la "mejora del trigo" en
1987.
Atendieron a un M.Phil. Programa sobre la "crianza de planta y la mejora de la
cosecha" en la universidad de Birmingham y la universidad de la Reading a
partir de 1990 a 1992.
Graduó con Ph.D del departamento del cultivo en campo de la facultad de
agricultura en 1997.
Convertido (en común) 9 durum, 2 cultivars del trigo candeal 2 de la cebada y.
Movido a la universidad de Harran en 2000.
Convertido dos cultivars del trigo de durum.
Calificado para el professorship de Assoc. en 2006.
WHEAT IMPROVEMENT IN
TURKEY;YESTERDAY,TODAY AND
TOMORROW
MEJORA DE TRIGO EN TURQUÍA, AYER, HOY Y
MAÑANA
MAJOR WHEAT GROWING AREAS
PRINCIPALES ZONAS DE CULTIVO DE TRIGO
Ave.total acreage:8.645, ave.durum acreage:1.66, ave
bread wheat ac.;6.984 mil.ha.
Ave. total produc.: 19.505, ave. durum produc:3.698, av.
B.wheat produc: 15.806 mil.ton (2004-08)
BW:1.3 mil.ton
DW: 0.37 mil.ton
BW: 2.3 mil.ton
BW:0.5 mil.ton
BW:5.1 MİL TON
DW.0.9 MİL.TON
BW: 1.4 mil.ton
DW: 1.2 mil.ton
WIDELY GROWN BREAD WHEAT
VARIETIES BEFORE 1950’S
Ampliamente cultivado variedades de T. HARINEROS antes
de 1950'S
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Köse,(= Polatlı kösesi, Zerun):Central and Eastern
Anatolia,
Germir (=Akevli,Akbuğday): Central and west
transitional zone,
Sünter(=kızılca), Kırik : Eastern Anatolia,
Sivas buğdayı (=Kızıl topbaş,kamçı buğdayı);
Central and east transitional zone,
Aşure; South-east Anatolia,
Tir buğdayı; Van lake environment
WIDELY GROWN DURUM WHEAT
VARIETIES BEFORE 1950’S
Ampliamente cultivado variedades de T. HARINEROS antes
de 1950'S
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Central and transitional zone; ‘Üveyik’,
‘Şahman’, ‘Kunduru’(%70),
Southeast of Anatolia;
‘Bağacak’,‘Sorgül’,‘Beyaziye’.’Menceki’,’İskenderi
’, ’Mısri’, Havrani’ ( %80)
Çukurova; ‘Kıbrıs Buğdayı’,’Amik’ ve ‘Havrani’,
Aegean; ‘Akbaşak’, ‘Akküsen’ ve ‘Çam
buğdayı’(%40)
Marmara and Thrace: ‘Karakılçık’,
Kokana’,’Akbaşak’, Kocabuğday (%60)
BAĞACAK
BEYAZİYE
SOME OF BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS
DEVELOPED BY SELECTION THROUGH LAND
RACES BETWEEN 1950-70.
ALGUNOS DE CULTIVARES DE TRIGO HARINEROS
DESARROLLADO POR LA SELECCIÓN POR RAZAS DE LA TIERRA
ENTRE 1950-1970.
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Köse 220/39: selected from Köse
Yayla 305: Selected from Eastern Anatolian
land race
Sivas topbaş 111/33: Selected from Sivas land
race
Sertak 52: Selected from North east land
race,
Sürak 1593/31:
Yektay 406:
Aköz 867:
Ak702: Selected from land race (Eskişehir)
SOME OF DURUM WHEAT CULTIVARS
DEVELOPED BY SELECTION THROUGH LAND
RACES BETWEEN 1950-70.
ALGUNOS DE CULTIVARES DE TRIGO DURO DESARROLLADO
POR LA SELECCIÓN POR RAZAS DE LA TIERRA ENTRE 19501970.
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Akbaşak 073/144
Sarı Bursa 7113 (1963, Ankara Univ.)
Karakılçık 1133 (1964, Edirne)
185.1 (1964, Eskişehir)
Kırmızı 5132 (1967, Edirne)
Kunduru 1149, (1967,Eskişehir)
Berkmen 469 (1967, Ankara)
KUNDURU
KARAKILÇIK
WHEAT IMPROVEMENT
STUDIES IN TURKEY
ESTUDIOS DE MEJORA DE TRIGO EN
TURQUÍA
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1925, Eskişehir
Establishment of research institutes (1960’s, total 56 TAGEM
institutes(7 central+ 8 regional+ 41 crop specific) + 12 soil and
water resources res. inst.)
23 Fac. Of Agriculture
Memorandum of understandings;CIMMYT(1980) and
ICARDA(1986)
National temperate cereals project (1969-1996, AEARP)
ARP ;(1996-ongoing)
TUBİTAK projects, EU projects
BREEDING OBJECTIVES
Central and transitional zones
Objectivos de mejoramiento (Central y zonas de transición)
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Bread wheat; high yielding and yield stability
tolerance to yellow rust, red grain color, thinny
bran, high prot. content
Durum wheat; cold tolerance, competitive grain
yield to bread wheat, acceptable industrial
quality, kernel vitreousness, high 1000 and hl.
Weights, high prot. Content, yellow pasta and
semolina color
BREEDING OBJECTIVES
Coastal areas; (Marmara, Aegean, Southeast
Anatolia)
Objectivos de mejoramiento Areas de la costa
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Bread wheat;
– Farmers: high yielding, drought- heat
tolerance, cold tolerance, yellow rust
resistance,
– Milling: Semi hard white grain, thinly bran and
low ash content,
– Technological : High energy value (lour),
suitability for baklava, börek, aşure, flat
bread, pide, loaf
Durum wheat;
– Farmers: High yielding, drought- heat
tolerance, cold tolerance, early-medium
maturing, leaf rust resistance, lodging
resistance,
– Macaroni-semolina industry: Plump grain, kernel
vitreousness, yellow semolina color,
– Bulgur industry. Plump grain, tolerance to some
yellow berry, thinly bran, yellow color
BREEDING AND SELECTION
METHODS, EMPLOYED
MEJORA Y SELECCIÓN DE MÉTODOS, EMPLEO
Introduction, combination and
mutation
 Combination breeding; spring/ winter,
spring/spring, winter/winter crosses
– Pedigree
– Bulk,
– Modified Bulk
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BREEDING STAGES IN BW AND DW
Las etapas de mejoramiento para T.duros Y T.harinero
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After crossing;
F1-F6 segregating material ( 6 years)
PYT (1 years)
YT ( 2 years)
RGT (3 years x 3 locations)
Variety release trials ( 3 years x 3
locations)
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DUS, VCU tests
DW CROP DEMAND PROGRESS OF SOME
STAKE HOLDERS FROM PAST TO TODAY
PROGRESO DE CULTIVOS DE LA DEMANDA DE ALGUNOS
TITULARES DE CONSUMO DEL PASADO PARA HOY (T.Duros)
Farmers
Bulgur
industry
Pasta industry
consumers
past
High
yielding
High purity and
plumb kernel
High purity and
vitreous
Tasty and not sticky
To
day
High
yielding
clean, plumb,
no red BW
contamination,
no barley
kernel, free
of disease
thinny bran,
low ash
content,
yellow color
clean, plumb, vitreous,
good semolina color,
high protein content
Good bulgur aromatic,
yellow color, no red BW,
high nutritional value, yellow
macaroni color, suitable for
secondary heating, not
sticky
BW CROP DEMAND PROGRESS OF SOME
STAKE HOLDERS FROM PAST TO TODAY
PROGRESO DE CULTIVOS DE LA DEMANDA DE ALGUNOS
TITULARES DE CONSUMO DEL PASADO PARA HOY (T.harinero)
Farmers
MİLLERS
Bakery
indust.
past
High
yielding
Clean
material,
High dough
water
absorbtion
today
High
yielding, no
lodging,
yellow rust
resistance
High flour
extraction
rate, thin
bran, low
ash content,
white flour
color
High dough
water
absorbtion,
high energy
value, high
wet gluten
ratio (over
27)
consumers
Loaf:Late
staling, no
granulation, no
crust cracks,
sponge like
structure
RELEASED CULTIVARS (1969-2010)
Variedades, lanzados (1969-2010)
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Central and transitional zones
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Coastal araes
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Bread wheat;53
Durum wheat;14
Bread wheat;59
Durum wheat;24
Parental situation; seldom shared parent
5 DW with landrace parent,
…BW with landrace parent
UNIVERSITIES IN WHEAT
BREEDING
Mejoramientos en la universidades
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23 Faculties of agriculture
Each has dept.of field crops
Basic mission; teaching, basic research ,
extension and training.
Many of them have adequate number of
well trained research staff
Many of them had their Msc. or Ph.D at
abroad
UNIVERSITIES IN WHEAT BREEDING
Mejoramientos en la universidades
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Some contributions to applied researches
through basic researches
M.Sc and Ph.D post graduate education
No adequate infrastructure for applied
researches in the most of universities,
Relatively adequate for lab. activities
Several of them have non permanent
wheat breeding program
UNIVERSITIES IN WHEAT
BREEDING
Mejoramientos en la universidades
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Academic proceeding depends on number of SCI
index papers, not variety development,
There is no permanent collaboration between
NARS and Universities,
Fund sources: University revolving budget, SPO,
EU and TUBİTAK- more than 1 billion US $/year
Only 9 varieties developed,
Southeastern Anatolia
Sureste de Anatolia
Batman
Diyarbakır
Adıyaman
Gaziantep
Kilis
Şanlıurfa
Harran University
Mardin
Siir
t
Şırnak
WHEAT SCIENCE IN THE FAC. OF
AGRİCULTURE IN THE HARRAN
UNIVERSİTY
LA CIENCIA DEL TRİGO EN LA FAC. DE LA
AGRICULTURA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE HARRAN
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Established in 1978
9 departments including Field Crops,
1 full, 1 assoc., and 1 assist. Prof. Dr.,
No adequate infrastructure for field trials,
Presence of non permanent wheat development
program
2DW varieties developed ,
1 royalty right sold to private company
WIDELY GROWN CULTIVARS
Ampliamente cultivado variedades
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Central and Transitional zone
Bread wheats; Gerek-79, Katea-1, Pehlivan,
Bezostaja-I,
Durum wheats;Mirzabey-2000, Kızıltan-91,
Ç.1252, Kunduru-1149,Yılmaz-98, Altın-98,
Coastal zones;
Bread wheats;Darıel, Nurkent, Ceyhan-99, Adana99, Guadalupe, Yüreğir-89,
Durum wheats; Svevo, Burgos, Sarıçanak-98,
Fırat-93, Fuatbey-2000, Amanos-97, Salihli-92,
Harran-95
DISEASES , PEST AND WEED
STUDIES, STATUS OF VARIETIES
Enfermedades, Plagas y Malezas
TARM pathology lab: over 20 000 entries tested (1972-97)
Most of Bread wheat: susceptible or moderate susceptible to
yellow rusts
Most of Durum wheat: S or MS to leaf rusts
Partial biological control of sunn pest
Chemical control for many pest,disease and weeds
Koruklu-2010
Thrips damage,
Koruklu-2010
QUALTY EVALUATION (DW)
Calidad Y EVALUACIÓN
Preliminary yield
trials
Yield trials
Regional yield
trials
1000 KW
1000 KW
1000 KW
Vitreousness
Vitreousness
Vitreousness
Protein %
Protein %
Protein %
SDS sedim.
SDS sedim.
SDS sedim.
Semolina yield
Semolina yield
Wet gluten
Semolina color
Spaghetti making
cooking tests
QUALITY EVALUATION (BW)
Calidad Y EVALUACIÓN
Preliminary yield
trials
Yield trials
Regional yield trials
1000 KW
1000 KW
1000 KW
Vitreousness
Vitreousness
Vitreousness
Protein %
Protein %
Protein %
PSI
PSI
PSI
SDS sedim.
SDS sedim
Zeleny sedim.
Flour extrac. Rate%
Mixograph, farinograph
Alveograph
Bread making quality
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES
BIOTECNOLÓGICAS ESTUDIOS
•Several studies on
genetics relationships,
yellow rust, leaf rust,
nematode resistance,
double haploids
employing PCR, SSR,
RAPD markers
(Furan and Yuce, 2009;
Tonk et al., 2008; Senay and
Savaskan,2005; Akar,2004
Göçmen ve ark., 2003a,b;
Göçmen, 2001)
• Not routine
•Italian programme ( genetic
selection for 7 characteristics)
AVERAGE YIELD PERFORMANSE OF DW
CULTIVARS vs ITALIAN AND ESPANOL’S
Rendimiento de variedades del Turco vs. Espanol y Italian
Source: ttm,2010
600
290
548.6
531.5
526.4
503.4
531.3
528.2
524.2
491.3
Verim (kg/da)
500
280
400
270
300
260
200
250
100
240
0
Şölen-2002
(st)
Fı rat-93 (st)
Ege-88 (st)
Sarı çanak-98
(st)
Svevo (st)
Durbel
Aegean
(coastal)
Çeşitler
Std. Ort.
503.8
496.6
506.4
481.3
500
508.3
490.7
230
Central and transitional (rain fed)
Genel
591.7
600
541.5
529.5
Mirzabey
Kızıltan-91
Ç-1252
Altıntaş
Ankara-98
497.9
464.9
400
300
200
100
Çeşitler(Coastal)
Çukurova
la
di
o
C
St
d.
O
rt .
M
BV
D
-2
3
an
te
Le
v
la
(s
97
an
os
-
Am
Sa
ra
go
l
t)
)
(s
t
t)
98
Fu
at
be
y
an
ak
-
-2
00
0
(s
st
)
t(
Ze
ni
Sa
rı ç
t)
(s
3
Fı
ra
t -9
vo
(s
t)
0
Sv
e
Verim (kg/da)
Burgos
South east Anatolia
(Coastal)
Gen. Ort.
VARIETY RELIASE AND REGISTRATION
PROCEDURE (VARIEDAD RELIASE Y PROCEDIMIENTO DE
Kaynak:TTSM,2010
REGISTRO
Registration
Distinction
Uniformity
Stability
(DUS)
Value for cultivation
and use (VCU)
observations, yield
disease, quality
evaluation
Release
committee
decision
National
list
SEED PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY
(2009)
PRODUCCION DE SEMILLAS Y ALIMENTACIÓN (2009)
Total
Produc
tion
(ton)
Import Supply
(ton)
(ton)
Export
(ton)
Public
125274 20
141839 0
Private
102577 1031
70055
540000
Total
ton
seed
demand /year
0
Demand
meeting
%
Durum
wheat
supply
(ton)
42
22253
10758
ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND YIELD
SUPERFICIE, PRODUCCIÓN Y RENDIMIENTO
kaynak.tarimist
years
Total
WHEAT
acreage
(000ha)
Durum
wheat
(000ha)
Bread
Wheat
(000ha)
Total
Product.
(000ton)
Durum
wheat
( 000tons)
Bread
Wheat
(000 tons)
Yield
Bread
wheat
kg ha-1
Yield
durum
wheat
Kg ha-1
Yield
advanta
ge
Durum/B
.wheat %
2.26
2.38
5,3
2004
9.300
2.100
7.200
21 000
5 000
16.000
2005
9.250
2.000
7.250
21 500
4 500
17.000
2.32
2.25
-3
2006
8.490
1.510
6.980
20 010
3 500
16.510
2.36
2.32
-2
2007
8.097
1.354
6.743
17 234
2 709
14.525
2.13
2.00
-6
2008
8.090
1.340
6.750
17 782
2 782
15.000
2.20
2.08
-5,5
BW PURCHASING CRITERIA IN
LOCAL COMMODITY MARKETS
COMPRA DE CRITERIOS EN LOS MERCADOS DE
PRODUCTOS LOCALES
•High hlt weight,
•high 1000 kernel weight,
• low sunn pest damage,
•no weed and other grain,
•no disease grains and inert material,
contaminations,
• high flour extraction rate,
•high prot. Content,
•high energy value
Purchasing hall
(Konya)
DW PURCHASING CRITERIA IN
THE LOCAL COMMODITY MARKETS
COMPRA DE CRITERIOS EN LOS MERCADOS DE
PRODUCTOS LOCALES
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high 1000 kw, high hlt. weight, uniform, plumb
, clean crop, low sunn pest damage, high protein
content, varieties with yellow semolina color
% 10 sunn pest damage ; reduces market price
with 36 US $/ ton,
%10 sunn pest and red BW kernels; 41 US $
/ton (Özberk ve ark.2005)
Sun pest
damage
WHEAT INDUSTRY
TRIGO EN LA INDUSTRIA
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Bread wheat
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Durum wheat;
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Total 700 milling plants
Plants; 28.8% Central Anatolia, 19.2% Marmara, 20.1% Black
sea
Capacity use:45%
Total 25 macaroni plants
Plants; 39% G.Antep, 43% Central Anatolia, 18% Aegean
Total macaroni production capacity: 3935 tons /day
Capacity use : 60%
Bulgur
–
Total 48 major plants, (Karaman and G.Antep majority)
EXPORT-IMPORT
EXPORTACIONES Y IMPORTACIONES
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Bread wheat;
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Ave. BW export:
Ave. BW import: 1 924 520 tons(2005-09)
Ave. Flour export: 1 485 400 tons (2005-09)
Source: Flour Indust. Assoc.(usd) ,2010
Durum wheat
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–
–
–
Ave. DW export:198 086tons (2000-08)
Ave. DW import: 35 043 tons (2000-08)
Ave. Macaroni export: 113050 tons (2000-08)
Ave. Macaroni import: 670 tons (2000-08)
Source: Macaroni Indust. Assoc.,(msd), 2008
SOME PROGRESS, OBTAINED
ALGUNOS AVANCES, OBTENIDO
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Bread wheat; relatively high yielding performance, drought
and heat tolerance, variety development for supp. irrigation,
lodging resistance, early maturing type, yield stability,
acceptable milling and end product quality
Durum wheat; close yield potential to BW, kernel vitreous
ness, lodging tolerance, cold tolerance, yield increase, early
maturing, yellow semolina color
General: extensive and effective computer use,
presentation techniques, effective field trials and
evaluation
NO EFFECTIVE PROGRESS FOR THE
FOLLOWING AREAS..
NO HAY AVANCES EN VIGOR DE LAS SIGUIENTES
ÁREAS
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Germplasm development for disease resistance,
Utilization from wild relatives,
Utilization from genetics selection methods,
Cooperation with plant protection Res. Ins. in
resistance breeding,
Breeder qualification, number and education of
assistant staff
Effective use of lab. facilities
EXPECTATION OF VARIOUS DW.CONSUMER
GROUPS
LAS EXPECTATIVAS DE LOS GRUPOS
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Farmers; High net return per unit area,
–
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No dramatic demand changes in bulgur industry,
–
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Hybrid wheat???, high premium for high quality
Bulgur production possibilities from some hard bread
wheat varieties
Priority is still yellow pasta color in macaroni
industry,
Modification possibilities in end products,
–
–
Biofortified pasta,
Micronutrient enrichment in pasta and wheat
EXPECTATION OF VARIOUS BW CONSUMER
GROUPS
LAS EXPECTATIVAS DE LOS GRUPOS
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Farmers; high net return per unit area,
Hybrid wheat???
High premium for high quality
Milling industry; thin bran, high flour extraction rate(%)
Bakery industry; high energy value, high water absorption
rate(%), suitability for biscuit, pide, baklava, flat bread,
loaf, aşure, etc.
HOW STRATEGY MUST BE
FOLLOWED FOR THE FUTURE?
ESTRATEGIA COMO DEBE SEGUIR PARA EL FUTURO
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?
Sustainability,
Multidisciplinary studies,
Genetics selections-routine ,
More focus on wheat genetic resources,
Hybrid wheat studies,
Biofortification,
Establishment of specific end use base
private wheat research centers
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION…
GRACIAS POR SU ATENCION..
Teşekkürler…