主 谓 一 致
一.语法一致
二.就近原则
三.意义一致
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语法一致
主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上的一致:
Both boys have their own toys.
Each girl has her own book.
Much effort is wasted.
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就近原则
1. 由or, nor, not only…but also, neither…nor,
either…or, not…but连接的并列主语
Either my brother or I ____
am (be) likely to come.
were (be)
Neither the coach nor the players _____
confident of victory.
Not only the switches but also the old wiring
_____
has (have) been changed.
_____
Am (be) I or you to blame?
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2. 当主语后面有with, along with, together
with, as well as, in addition to, besides,
except, but, rather than, 等所引导的词组时，
动词取决于主语本身
His brother rather than his parents ____
is
(be) to blame for the accident.
The manager with some workers
was working (work) this time yesterday.
______________
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3. 定语从句，强调句，存在句中的主谓一致
1)定语从句中的动词由先行词决定
These buildings which _____________
are being built (build)
now will be our new teaching building.
turn (turn) to the
I am one of those people who ____
center for help.
He is the only one of those boys who ____
is (be)
willing to do this job.
2)强调句中的主谓一致
am (be) to blame.
It is I who ____
3)存在句中的主谓一致，遵循就近原则
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is (be) a book and two pens on the desk.
There ____
意义一致
1. 由and / both…and连接的主语
2. 集合名词做主语
3. 数量词做主语
4. 以-s结尾的名词做主语
5. 以名词性分句做主语
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1. 由and / both…and连接的主语, 谓语动词用复数
have gone (go)
Both Pauline and her son Bob __________
fishing in Canada already.
* 并列主语表示单数意义，动词用单数
Bread and butter _______
(be) a good breakfast.
is
The professor and scholar ___________
is coming (come) to
give a lecture tomorrow.
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* 当and连接的名词带有no, each, every, many a
等, 动词用单数
Every boy and every girl ______
has (have) to finish
the work before 5 o’clock.
Many a man and many a woman in this
community ________
finds (find) himself or herself
in need.
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2. 集合名词做主语
family, class, team, staff, crew, audience,
committee + 单数/复数
is living (live) in Shanghai now.
My family ___________
My family ___________
are taking (take) separate
vacations now.
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3. 数量词做主语
1) 看作整体用单数
Sixty-five dollars ______
is (be) not too much to her.
Six months ______
(be) too short a time.
is
2) 分数/百分数 + of + 名词, 动词由名词类别决定
has been explored
Two-thirds of the swampland ________________
(explore) since then.
are (be) women.
Thirty-five percent of the doctors ___
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3) a pair / kind / sort / type / form + of + 名词, 动
词由这些词本身决定
This kind of books _______
sells (sell) well.
sell (sell) well.
All kinds of books _______
Two pairs of jeans were bought from that shop.
A pair of jeans was bought from that shop.
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4) many a + 名词单数, more than one +名词单数
意义为复数, 动词为单数
has (have) done his duty.
Many a man _______
was (be) lost.
More than one game ______
5) a great/good/large number of +名词复数, 动词
用复数, the number of +名词复数, 动词用单数
A large number of doctors ______
are (be) devoted
to their career.
is (be)
The number of the devoted doctors ______
large.
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6) the + adj. 表示一类人, 用复数; 表示一类事物,
用单数
The rich don’t understand the difficult life the
poor have.
The beautiful is what most people want to gain.
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4. 以-s结尾的名词做主语
1) 以-ics结尾的学科如: physics, mathematics,
politics, statistics, economics, 动词用单数
is
Physics ______
(be) an important subject in
middle school.
is
Mathematics _______
(be) the study of numbers.
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2)以-s结尾的单复数同形的名词如: means, series,
species, works, 动词取决于名词用作单数还是复
数
The only means to achieve success ____
is (be) to
appeal to arms.
All means _______________
have been tried (try) out to increase
agricultural production.
A series of pre-recorded tapes ________________
has been prepared
(prepare) for language lab use.
There _____
are (be) two series of readers.
A new species of mammals _____________
has been found (find).
Altogether, about 450 species of flatfish
__________
are known (know).
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6. 以名词性分句做主语
1)名词性分句wh-分句, 动词用单数
What caused the accident _____
was (be) a complete
mystery.
Whether he is coming __________________
has not been decided (not
decide).
is (be) still unknown.
Why she is absent ____
2) 以非谓语做主语，如果是不定式和动名词做主
语，动词用单数
Increasing their wages has raised the crew’s
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courage.