Section B
Judge by Appearances
Review Reading Skill
The Main Idea in a Paragraph
 most likely appears in the beginning
(especially the first and/or second
sentence) and at the end of the
paragraph,
helps
get the whole picture of the text

and skip the less important details, thus
improving your reading speed,
 and helps predict or better understand
the rest of the text.
Exercise XIV
1. Main idea:
__________________________________
I want to describe a sociological experiment.
2. Main idea:
My friend and I dressed so that no one
__________________________________________
would recognize us and then went downtown
__________________________________________
to shop.
__________________________________________
3. Main idea:
Our aim was to observe how people responded to the
__________________________________________________
way we looked. (Note: This is the result of their aim:
• __________________________________________________
As it turned out, people turned us off or
• __________________________________________________
tuned us out on the basis of appearance alone.)
__________________________________________________
It was prejudice time.
4. Main idea: ________________________________
People judge by appearances.
5. Main idea: ________________________________
Text Learning
I. Question answering
II. Translation
III. New words
Answer questions with less than 10 words.
Para.1
1. What does “it”(L4) refer to?
2. What’s the author’s attitude toward the
standard criticism?
Key>>>
1. The standard criticism.
2. He is against it.
Para.1
3. Why was there “no need for dramatics”?
(L17)
4. Why didn’t they go up to the 20th floor?
(L22)
Key>>>
3. People drove them away just because of
their poor appearance.
4. They were afraid of blowing their cover.
Para.1
5. Why didn’t the cashier ask for ID when
he took the check? (L29)
6. What is “her feeling”? (L48)
Key>>>
5. They hoped the author left quickly.
6. The place was not for them.
1. Without exactly taking sides for or against that
criticism, I want to describe a sociological exercise
that might seem to validate it—except that, for me
and a classmate (and maybe for some who read this
a c c o u n t ) ,
t h e
e x p e r i e n c e
made a common claim come alive. (L2)
我不想确切地赞成或反对此类批评，我只是想描述一
this account: this report, article
个似乎可以证实它的社会学考察。但对于我和我的一
common claim: commonly accepted
位同学来说（也许还有那些看到本文的人），此次考
belief
察的经历使得一个众所周知的观点变得栩栩如生了。
( judge by appearance)
2.The aim was to look like street people and to observe
what difference that made in the way other people
respond to us—whether the appearance of poverty
would invite prejudice on us. (L13)
我们的目的是使自己看似漂泊街头的人，以观察他人
*that=to look like street people
对我们这样的打扮会有何不同反应——是否贫穷的外
what difference作that made的宾语。
表会招来别人的歧视。
Meaning: to see what different effects
that
produced …
3. Just looking poor brings with it prejudice, accompanied
by removal of much of the social grace most of us take
for granted. (L39)
with much social grace disappearing
仅仅因为外表贫穷就会带来人们的歧视，同时我们大
多数人视为理所当然的社交风度也丧失殆尽。
4. In a very few hours, we found ourselves
accepting and internalizing the superficial and
prejudiced judgments of ourselves that prevailed
among the people we met; … (L48)
We
used to feel that it’s wrong to say
我们曾经认为流行在我们周围的人当中的看法是肤浅
people
all judge others by appearance.
且带有偏见的。仅仅几个小时后，我们发现自己已接
But
now we firmly believe it’s right.
受这一观点并深信不疑。
Word Using
Key
account (L4)
n. description
Phrase：account for
解释，说明；占，构成；
e.g.
He gave a detailed account of his
— She was required to account for her actions.
— She kept
a detailed account of
experience
in Europe.
Translation
— Rent accounts for 50% of his expenditure.
the
suspect’s movements.
他详细地介绍了他在欧洲的经历。
virtually(L6): adv. in every important respect;
almost 实际上，事实上，实质上; 几乎
1. It used to be virtually impossible to find
1. 过去在城市外几乎不可能找到餐馆，不过
restaurants outside the cities, but it’s much
easier now.
现在容易多了。
2.
the label, the milk is described as “virtually
2. On
这种牛奶标签上写着“基本上不含脂肪”
fat-free”.
的字样。
conceal(L11): v. keep sth. / sb. from being seen
or known about; hide sth. / sb. 隐藏，隐蔽，
隐瞒
1. He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his
1. 他竭力向家人隐瞒他大量酗酒的习惯。
family.
2. 当她说她只有22岁时，我尽力掩饰自己的
I tried to conceal my surprise when she said
2.
she was only 22.
惊讶。
speak of (L16)
show or suggest
e.g.
— His eyes speak of suffering.
— Time is up. I will speak of
that point later.
turn out (L17)
to happen in a particular way; to
develop or end in a particular way…
e.g.
其他：
— It turned
out拒绝；关小，调低
that she was my sister’s
down
friend.
in
交还，上交；
— A large
group
of protesters have turned
over
仔细考虑；
turn
out. to
变成；求助于
— an assembly
line
turning out cars
up
出现，到来；开大，调高
>>>practice
1) He has notturned
_________
up yet, but everybody else is here.
turned down for the job because
2) The boy was ____________
he didn't have any experience.
turned out
3) We thought he had been killed, but he ___________
safe and sound.
turn to me any
1) If you have any problem, please _________
time.
turn down/up
2) Would you mind if I _______________ the music?
apart from (L32)
with the exception of; besides
Tra
nsla
tion
e.g.
Key
除了很少的几句外，我对法语一无所知。
Apart from a few scratches, the car was
这条裤子不但太大,而且我穿着也不合适。
undamaged.
Apart from a few words, I do not know any
French at all.
Apart from being too large, the trousers don't
suit me.
accompany (L39)
v. be or go with
Tra
nsla
tion
e.g.
Key
—她陪我去看了医生。
Mary sang and I accompanied her
on the piano.
— The minister was accompanied by his
secretary to the hospital.
She accompanied me to the doctor's.
superficial(L49): a. 1. not deep 肤浅的，浅薄的
2. of or on the surface only 表面的，表面上的
1.
have only a superficial knowledge of the
1.You
你对该学科只有粗浅的了解。
subject.
2. There are superficial similarities between the
2.two
乍一看两辆车差不多,
但实际上差别很大。
cars, but actually they’re
quite different.
prevail(L50): v. 1. exist or happen generally 盛
行，流行 2. fight successfully (against sb. /
sth.) 获胜，战胜，胜（过）
1. The use of horses still prevails among the
1. poorer
贫穷的农民仍然普遍用马代步和运输东西。
farmers.
2.
will prevail over evil.
2.Good
善良将战胜邪恶。
undoubtedly(L51): adv. without doubt 确实地
，无疑地
1.
painting is undoubtedly real.
1.The
这幅画无疑是真的。
2. It is undoubtedly the best French film this
2. 毫无疑问，这是本年度最好的法国影片。
year.
Group work: Being a Researcher
STEP ONE
 Decide on a topic about appearance
Possible topics:
1) Can people be judged by their appearance?
2) Who attach more importance to appearance,
men or women?
3) Should women go on a diet in order to lose
weight?
STEP TWO
 Design one or two tests to prove your hypothesis.
STEP THREE
 Conduct the tests after class and write your
research report. Remember that your
conclusion should be the logical outcome of
the results from your tests.
STEP FOUR
 Be prepared to make an oral report of your
research next time. (It’s better to have a PPT)
Sample -1
Research Report
Subject: Students' awareness of the
importance of clothing
Hypothesis: Most students today are aware
of the importance of clothing,
and try to dress appropriately
according to the occasion.
Sample -2
Testing the Hypothesis
Method: Interviewing different students on
campus.
Questions asked:
Q1. Have you ever paid any special attention to
your clothes before going to meet somebody?
Q2. Do you think proper dress can help you
achieve success?
Sample -3
Q3. Would you wear your best clothes for a date?
Q4. Suppose you're just a clerk of a company,
would you put on some special clothes to
dress up for the company's annual party at
which a lot of VIPs will be present?
Q5.
Would you employ a person who pays no
attention to clothes but has a great interest in
the work he/she would be doing?
Sample -4
Results:
Q1: 10 people (100%) “Yes”
Q2: 10 people (100%) “Yes”
Q3: 9 people (90%) “Yes”
Q4: 6 people (60%) “Yes”
Q5: 4 people (40%) “Yes”
Sample -5
Conclusion:
All the students interviewed were eager
to be dressed properly, but some also
believed that perhaps one's ability was more
important than his/her appearance.
Writing
 Directions: Write an article based on your
research. Your article should be no less than 200
words. Remember to write neatly.
words and phrases for reference
 interview (interviewer,
interviewee)
 impression
 hypothesis
(hypothesize)
 be biased toward
 appearance
 statistic(s)
 be concerned with
 respond to
 percentage
 perceive
 preference
 vanity
 favorable (unfavorable,
favorably)
 with regard to
 indicate
Writing -1
Dress Is Important in Our Life
 With economic development, our living
standards have been greatly improved.
We are no longer satisfied with blue and
black uniforms. Having realized the
importance of clothing, we pay more
attention to it more than ever before.
Writing -2
 The following is a report of a survey
carried out among college students.
Our survey shows that all students
are more or less aware of the
importance of clothing. The students
we interviewed come from very
different family backgrounds. Below
are the questions we asked:
Writing -3
 Q1. Have you ever paid any special
attention to your clothes before
going to meet someone?
 Q2. Do you think proper dress can
help you achieve success?
 Q3. Would you wear your best
clothes for a date?
Writing -4
 Q4. Suppose you're just a clerk of a
company. Would you put on some
special clothes to dress up for the
company's annual party at which a lot
of VIPs will be present?
 Q5. Would you employ a person who
pays no attention to clothes but has a
great interest in the work he/she would
be doing?
Writing -5
 We interviewed 10 students in total.
Here are the results of our survey:
 The Number of People Saying “Yes”
PercentageQ1 10 100% Q2 10 100% Q3
9 90% Q4 6 60% Q5 4 40% .
Writing -6
 From the above results, we can see that
almost all the interviewees responded
positively to the first three questions,
which indicates that most students are
greatly concerned with being dressed
properly. Nowadays many students have
realized that a better taste for clothes
may mean better job opportunities, more
money and more dates.
Writing -7
 With regard to the last two questions,
however, students seem to hold different
opinions. Although everyone seems to
think it is important to be properly
dressed, some still believe that it is not
the most important thing. In their opinion,
ability is perhaps more important. In this
fast-food era, however, our contacts with
other people are more fleeting than before.
Writing -8
 Our impression of a person is to a
certain extent formed by his or her
appearance and clothing. So it is
important for a person to present him/her-self properly to people, especially
when they meet for the first time. Being
properly dressed at least can show one's
respect for others and a willingness to
communicate with them.
Writing –9
 I myself care a lot about people's
clothes. If I had to choose an
assistant from two candidates, I
would certainly choose the one that
was more properly dressed. I believe
that if a person has a good taste for
clothes, he has a good taste for
everything.
Assignments
I. Group work-Research report
II. Use reading skill to do section C
III. Finish post-reading exercise