Ch. 13: Supply Chain Performance
Measurement: Introduction
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The Micros and More logistics profile
points out a very important issue for all
organizations: Each needs performance
measurements or metrics.
Achieving efficiency and effectiveness
objectives requires a set of standards to
compare to actual performance.
These standards are called metrics.
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Dimensions of
Performance Metrics
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Establishing appropriate metrics is a complex
problem.
 Measuring inappropriate performance can
lead to a company chasing the wrong goal.
 Metrics drive behavior --- what you
measure is what you get.
Logistics cost metrics should focus on the
total supply chain, not on just one link.
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Figure 13-1
Raising the Performance Bar
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Overview of Performance
Measurement1
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Figure 13-2 contains a list of performance
measures captured on a regular basis within
companies.
Knowing what metrics to use is a very
important issue.
Figure 13-3 provides some insight into the
characteristics of good performance
measures.
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Management of Business Logistics, 7th Ed.
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Figure 13-2 Measures Captured on a Regular
Basis Within the Company
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Figure 13-3 Characteristics of
Good Measures
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Other Useful Performance
Guidelines2
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The metrics must be
consistent with overall
corporate strategy.
The metrics must focus
on customer needs and
expectations.
Prioritize your metrics.
Focus upon processes
not functions.
Chapter 13
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Use a balanced
approach in selecting
and developing metrics.
Precise cost
measurement is an
important aspect for
gauging improvement.
Use technology to
enhance efficient
performance
measurement.
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Evolution of
Metrics Utilization
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Most organizations go through several phases
in the development of meaningful metrics:
 Stage 1 – awareness of the importance of
using the appropriate metric
 Stage 2 – developing the actual metric
 Stage 3 – performance improvement
 Stage 4 – integration internally and across
the supply chain
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Performance
Categories
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There are a number of approaches that can be
used to classify performance metrics.
The next two slides illustrate performance
metrics:
 Figure 13-4 identifies four principle process
measure categories.
 Figure 13-5 shows various customer service
metrics and how important they are to
customers.
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Figure 13-4
Process Measure Categories
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Figure 13-5 Do Customers Use These
Measures to Evaluate Your Performance?
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Figure 13-6
Logistics Quantification Pyramid
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Another Approach to
Metric Classification
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The next four slides demonstrate other approaches to
metric classification:
 Figures 13-7 and 13-8 illustrate for ABC Power
Tools, cost and management of inventory metrics.
 Figure 13-9 shows basic logistics service outputs
or service performance for metrics development.
 Figure 13-10 shows the results of a 1999 survey
of the percentage of companies that measure
performance of each of the five service outputs as
well as the percentage that measures value.
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Figure 13-7
Distribution Inventory Costs
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Figure 13-8
Distribution Inventory Management
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Figure 13-9 Logistics Outputs
That Influence Customer Service
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Figure 13-10
Service Measurement
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Supply Chain
Metrics
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Supply chain metrics are very different from
traditional logistics metrics in that they
measure inter-company performance rather
than just internal performance.
These measures of performance must be
common across the firms in the supply chain
to be meaningful.
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Figure 13-2 Measures Captured on a Regular
Basis Within the Company
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Figure 13-3 Characteristics of
Good Measures
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The Supply Chain Operations
Reference (SCOR) Model
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This model was attempts to integrate well known concepts
of process reengineering, benchmarking, and process
measurement into a cross functional relationship by:
 Capturing the “as is” state of a process and derive the
“to be” future state (reengineering);
 Quantify the operational performance of similar
companies and establish “best of class” performance
(benchmarking); and,
 Characterize and describe the management processes
that will result in “best in class” performance (best
practice analysis).
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Figure 13-11
SCOR is Based on Five Distinct
Management Processes
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