Xenophobia
Ugly stereotypes and prejudice
mark anti-immigration cartoons
49542228 黃馨瑤
49642210 洪釧瑜
49642246 林中河
49642250 黃凱明
Xenophobia
•
Fear or dislike of foreigners
1850s:
Chinese immigrants
the U.S.A.
1860s~1870s:
Chinese
the West Coast (California)

1860s, California:
84%: in rural mining regions
7.8%: in San Francisco

1870s, California:
24.4%: in San Francisco
Chinatown

The growing anti-Chinese sentiment

In the printed media

Increasingly negative
Positive images
Slanting eyes
 More-slanting
eyebrows
 A long queue
 Traditional
Chinese
clothing
 Monopoly

Clothing
factories
 Shirt
manufactory
 Underwear
 Box factory
 Laundry
 Cuba
 Havana

Immigration of Chinese labor

19th California-gold rush

Building of the First Transcontinental
Railroad.
California-gold rush
1848-1855
 Background









Janes W Marshall
Forty niniers
Ten thousands from Latin America, Europe,
Austrilia and China
Effect
Development of government and commerce
Effects on Native Americans
Anti-foreigner laws (Chinese, Latin American)
World-wide economic stimulation (British
manufacture china clothing)
Building of the First
Transcontinental Railroad
1863-1869 (after California gold rush)
 Background

Pacific railroad
 Provide timber and crops
 Mainly Constructed by Chinese immigrant labor
(reason?)

Chinese Exclusion Act
1882
 Background

Gold rush (first? Reason for hire?)
 After Civil war (Politicized by Denis Kearney)

(California Governor- John Bigler)
(California government, tax)
(1860, reason of exclusion)
Chinese Exclusion Act
 Act
 By
1878 congress decided to pass
legislation
 California -1881 March 6th

1882 fully pass (action?)
1888 Scott Act (action?)
 1924 Immigration Act (action?)
 1943 Magnuson Act

Magnuson Act

Background
(1943, Warren G. Magnuson )

Content
Important immigration acts of U.S.

The Naturalization Act of 1790
established the rules for naturalized
citizenship

The Page Act of 1875
is the first act restricting immigration

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
was an explicitly race-based
immigration act.

The Act of 1891
established a Commissioner of
Immigration in the Treasury
Department.

The Geary Act of 1892
extended and strengthened the
Chinese Exclusion Act

The Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act
of 1943,Magnuson Act repealed the
Chinese Exclusion Act and permitted
Chinese nationals already in the
country to become naturalized citizens

The Immigration and Nationality Act of
1965 (or Hart-Cellar Act)
discontinued quotas based on national
origin, while preference given to those
who have U.S. relatives. For the first
time Mexican immigration was
restricted.
Talking points
1. Anti-immigration themes abound in early
political cartoons. This vicious portrayal of a
Chinese immigrant reflected the anger of
many Californians in the 1800s. Chinese
immigrants were so skilled and efficient they
soon dominated the cigar, clothing and
laundry trades. What made the Chinese easy
scapegoats for San Franciscans frustrated by
high unemployment?
Talking points
* Scapegoat :
Someone or a group of people who
is/are singled out, unjustifiably blamed,
and targeted with severe hostility.
Talking points
Ans:
1869
 Central Pacific Railroad
 Driving Chinese out
 A mass movement (in San Francisco
in 1877 )

Talking points
2. Are similar cultural biases evident in
the reaction to Latino immigration issues
in the states bordering Mexico and
elsewhere?
Cultural Bias

The phenomenon of interpreting and
judging phenomena

Economics, psychology, anthropology, and
sociology

Color, location of body parts, mate
selection, concepts of justice and taboos
Stereotypes of immigrants

Italian: dark hair, olive skin, thick dark,
eyebrows, eat pasta, talking loudly

Black: stupid, speak different English,
dirty, disrespect, violent, poor

Irish: potatoes, excellent poets,
beautiful voices, fun, stupid
Stereotypes of immigrants

Jewish: very greedy, large noses,
money grabbing cheats, kidnappers,
monsters

Latino: lazy, dark, indians, loud, they
are Mexican
Mexico- United States Border

International border

Runs from San Diego, California,
Tijuana and other place

3,169 km

Most frequently crossed border
Mexico- United States Border

To prevent illegal movement across the
Mexico- United States border
Talking points
3.Racist and ethnic stereotyping in
cartoons was common in the late 19th
and early 20th centuries. Define
“stereotype” and explain how the term
applies to this drawing. Would this
cartoon be published by the
mainstream press today?
Talking points

Stereotype, is a common belief about
specific social groups or types of
individuals.

Tradition clothing, small eyes and the
hairstyle.

Human rights, respect other people.
This kind of cartoon is too offensive.
Thank you for your attention!