Philip II
&
the Dutch Revolt
Philip II
1527 - ( 1556 – 1598 )
The Golden Age of Spain
- late 1500s
- “century of Gold”
King of Spain
- Portugal
- Netherlands
- Southern Italy
- the New World
Philip
1527 - 1598
Born in Spain
- Ruled Spain as a kid until 1548
Lived in Brussels with Charles
- ‘48 – ’54
King of England
- ‘54-’55
King of Spain
1556 – 1598
Philip II
Reigned 1556 - 1598
“King of Paper”
“Most Catholic King”
-- vs the Ottoman Turks
Naval Battles in the Meditteranean Sea
Victory at Lepanto!! 1571
-- vs the English
Spanish Armada 1588
-- vs the Dutch!
Philip II
Reigned 1556 - 1598
“King of Paper”
“Most Catholic King”
-- vs the Ottoman Turks
Navel Battles in the Meditteranean Sea
Victory at Lepanto!! 1571
-- vs the English
Spanish Armada 1588
-- vs the Dutch!
Ethnicity and Religion
The Dutch Revolt
Late 1500s!!
Margaret of Parma
- Daughter of Charles V
- Regent of Netherlands 1559 +
- Catholic and Tolerant
- All of the Netherlands is officially
Catholic; however,
- Calvinism is expanding in the North
- Religious Tensions Increasing
- Bad harvest in ’66
- and then BAM!
ICONOCLASM!!!
The Dutch Revolt
Late 1500s!!
Margaret of Parma
- Daughter of Charles V
- Regent of Netherlands 1559 +
- Catholic and Tolerant
- All of the Netherlands is officially
Catholic; however,
- Calvinism is expanding in the North
- Religious Tensions Increasing
- Bad harvest in ’66
- and then BAM!
ICONOCLASM!!!
The Dutch Revolt
Late 1500s!!
Margaret of Parma
- Daughter of Charles V
- Regent of Netherlands 1559 +
- Catholic and Tolerant
- All of the Netherlands is officially
Catholic; however,
- Calvinism is expanding in the North
- Religious Tensions Increasing
- Bad harvest in ’66
- and then BAM!
ICONOCLASM!!!
The Dutch Revolt
Late 1500s!!
The Duke of Alba (Alva in Dutch)
& the Council of Blood
Sent to restore order in 1567
- 15,000 -ish Arrested
- 1000 –ish Executed
- Executed 22 Nobles immediately
Catholic Nobles for being too soft and
tolerant of Calvinists
The Dutch Revolt
Late 1500s!!
William of Orange
(Holland / Zeeland / Utrecht)
William of Nassau
William the Silent
1533 – 1584
Lead a Revolt against Alva
1568 – 1579
Northern Dutch Protestants
vs
Spanish Catholic Soldiers
William of Orange
vs
The Duke of Alva
1576 The Sack of Antwerp (The Spanish Fury)
7000 Humans Slaughtered
Northern Protestants vs Spanish Catholics
Northern Protestants AND
Southern Catholics
Verses
Spanish Catholics
Pacification of Ghent 1576
(but it only lasts 3 years)
The Dutch Revolt
1609 Uneasy Peace
Fighting will break out again
during the 30 Years War (1618-1648)
1648 Independence!!
Spain will grant independence
in 1648’s Peace of Westphalia
The United Provinces becomes
THE DUTCH REPUBLIC!!
The Dutch Revolt
1567-1567: Margaret of Parma
Tensions Grow
1568 – 1576:
North vs Spain
William vs Alba
1576-79:
Catholic AND Prot vs Spain
1579-1609:
Back to North vs Spain
1609: Truce = United Provinces
1648: Full Independence
The Dutch Revolt
80 Year Struggle
1568 - 1648
Brutality: several cities sacked
Creates more bitterness between
Catholics and Protestants
Bankrupted Spain
Weirdly - leads to the Dutch Golden
Age