Friday October 24, 2014
Mr. Goblirsch – U.S. History
OBJECTIVE – Students Will Be Able To – SWBAT:
-
Analyze primary documents relating to the Pullman RxR Strike of 1894.
AGENDA:
1)
2)
3)
4)
WARM-UP: Strikes Worksheet
PARTNERS: Primary Source Document Analysis
VIDEO CLIP: Crash Course: Industrialization (15 min)
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE: Strikes Chart – TURN IN BASKET
*****Ch 5 & 6 Quiz NEXT TUESDAY*****
Strikes Worksheet WARM-UP: (Follow the directions below)
***5 Minutes***
Use Pgs. 247 – 249 to complete the Strikes Worksheet.
The Pullman Strike
Chicago 1894
Pullman Palace Car Company
• Railway car
company owned by
George Pullman
• Over 6,000 workers
• Workers lived in
“company town”
• Rent was 25%
higher than other
areas
Interior of a Pullman Sleeper Car
3
Reasons for the Strike
• Historical Context:
Depression of
1893
• Pullman cut
workers’ wages
but didn’t cut rent
for apartments
• On May 10, 1894,
workers walked
out of their factory
4
ARU Supports Pullman Workers
• American Railway Union was a
national union of railway workers
• Eugene Debs, ARU leader, decided to
support Pullman strikers
• Across the nation, railway workers
refused to run trains that had Pullman
cars attached to them
• The country was paralyzed
5
Eugene Debs
Eugene V. Debs, the rail union president at the time of the strike, later
campaigned as the American Socialist presidential candidate
6
President Grover Cleveland
sends in troops
7
Violence Erupts
• Presence of
federal troops
set off riots
• Rioters
burned
buildings
• Troops killed 4
people and
wounded 20
8
End of Strike
• By August the strike fell apart
• 1000 union workers were fired
• New workers had to sign contracts
promising not to join a union
• Debs was arrested and jailed for 6
months
9
CLOSE READING
1. Work with your
partner.
2. Closely read the
handout, circling
words that
demonstrate bias
during the Pullman
Strike.
3. Fill out the graphic
organizer with your
partner.
4. THINK ABOUT:
Which paper supported
the workers and which
paper supported
Pullman? Be prepared
to defend your answer.
Strike / Event
Name
Year
Who went on
strike & Why
Great Strike
Of 1877
Haymarket
Affair
Homestead
Strike
Pullman
Strike
NOT A STRIKE:
Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory Fire
Not a strike, but who was involved:
What happened?
How did it end?
Strikes Turn Violent
The Great Strike of 1877
B&O RxR Workers Protest Wage Cuts
Strike Impeded Interstate Commerce
Violence Erupts---Fed Troops End the Strike
Chicago’s Haymarket Square Riot 1886
Workers Protesting Police Brutality
Violence Erupts (Bomb Thrown at Police)
The Public Turns Against Labor Movement
Homestead Strike 1892 (Pennsylvania)
Carnegie Steel Workers Strike over pay cuts
Pinkerton Guards
Hired to Keep
Plant Open
Strikers Keep
Plant Closed
National Guard
Reopens Plant
Took 45 yrs for Steel Workers to Mobilize Again
Pullman Company Strike 1894
Workers Laid off or Wages Cut
Strike Stopped the Mail from going West
Violence Erupts-Fed Troops End Strike
Strikers Fired & Blacklisted
Could Never Work RxR Job Again
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
146 Women Die in the Fire
No Fire escapes
Ladders Too Short
Windows & Doors Locked
Public Becomes Outraged
Led to Improvements in Garment Industry
Strike / Event
Name
Year
Great Strike
Of 1877
1877
Haymarket
Affair
1886
Homestead
Strike
1892
Pullman
Strike
1894
Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory Fire
1911
Who went on
strike & Why
WHO: Railroad workers (B&O
Railroad)
WHY: Protest 2nd wage cut in
two months
Not a strike, but who was involved:
What happened
State governors said it was
impeding interstate commerce,
so federal troops ended the
strike.
Strike / Event
Name
Great Strike
Of 1877
Year
1877
Haymarket
Affair
1886
Homestead
Strike
1892
Pullman
Strike
1894
Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory Fire
1911
Who went on
strike & Why
What happened
WHO: Railroad workers (B&O
Railroad)
WHY: Protest 2nd wage cut in
two months
State governors said it was
impeding interstate commerce,
so federal troops ended the
strike.
WHO: 3,000 people protesting
police brutality
WHY: a striker was killed &
several wounded the
day before
A bomb was thrown, and
several policeman & workers
died & were wounded. The
public began to turn on strikes
Not a strike, but who was involved:
Strike / Event
Name
Great Strike
Of 1877
Haymarket
Affair
Year
1877
1886
Homestead
Strike
1892
Pullman
Strike
1894
Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory Fire
1911
Who went on
strike & Why
What happened
WHO: Railroad workers (B&O
Railroad)
WHY: Protest 2nd wage cut in
two months
State governors said it was
impeding interstate commerce,
so federal troops ended the
strike.
WHO: 3,000 people protesting
police brutality
WHY: a striker was killed &
several wounded the
day before
A bomb was thrown, and
several policeman & workers
died & were wounded. The
public began to turn on strikes
WHO: Carnegie steel workers
WHY: to protest harsh working
conditions & wage
cuts
Strikebreakers were hired to keep
plant operating. Steelworkers forced
out guards & kept plant closed until
Pennsylvania National Guard
arrived
Not a strike, but who was involved:
Strike / Event
Name
Great Strike
Of 1877
Haymarket
Affair
Homestead
Strike
Pullman
Strike
Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory Fire
Year
1877
1886
1892
1894
1911
Who went on
strike & Why
What happened
WHO: Railroad workers (B&O
Railroad)
WHY: Protest 2nd wage cut in
two months
State governors said it was
impeding interstate commerce,
so federal troops ended the
strike.
WHO: 3,000 people protesting
police brutality
WHY: a striker was killed &
several wounded the
day before
A bomb was thrown, and
several policeman & workers
died & were wounded. The
public began to turn on strikes
WHO: Carnegie steel workers
WHY: to protest harsh working
conditions & wage
cuts
Strikebreakers were hired to keep
plant operating. Steelworkers forced
out guards & kept plant closed until
Pennsylvania National Guard
arrived
WHO: ARU boycotted Pullman
trains
WHY: Protest lay offs & wage
cuts
The strike turned violent when
Pullman company hired
strikebreakers, & federal troops
once again stopped a strike
Not a strike, but who was involved:
Strike / Event
Name
Great Strike
Of 1877
Haymarket
Affair
Homestead
Strike
Pullman
Strike
Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory Fire
Year
1877
1886
1892
1894
1911
Who went on
strike & Why
What happened
WHO: Railroad workers (B&O
Railroad)
WHY: Protest 2nd wage cut in
two months
State governors said it was
impeding interstate commerce,
so federal troops ended the
strike.
WHO: 3,000 people protesting
police brutality
WHY: a striker was killed &
several wounded the
day before
A bomb was thrown, and
several policeman & workers
died & were wounded. The
public began to turn on strikes
WHO: Carnegie steel workers
WHY: to protest harsh working
conditions & wage
cuts
Strikebreakers were hired to keep
plant operating. Steelworkers forced
out guards & kept plant closed until
Pennsylvania National Guard
arrived
WHO: ARU boycotted Pullman
trains
WHY: Protest lay offs & wage
cuts
The strike turned violent when
Pullman company hired
strikebreakers, & federal troops
once again stopped a strike
Not a strike, but who was involved:
Workers of the Triangle
Shirtwaist Factory in NY
146 women were killed in a fire
because they were locked in the
factory with no sprinkler
system
Industrialization
Costs & Benefits
DIRECTIONS: Draw a 2-column chart like the one below. Then,
fill in the chart with each item based on whether it was a
cost or benefit of industrialization.
•
•
•
•
•
Growth of large corporations
Corruption
More manufactured goods
Better transportation
Poor/dangerous working conditions
COSTS
1. Growth of large corporations
2. Corruption
3. Poor/Dangerous working conditions
4. Labor v. Management conflicts
5. Less creative/skillful jobs
- Labor v. Management conflicts
- Improved technology/machinery
- Less isolation (regions are linked)
- Less creative/skillful jobs
- Improvements in construction
techniques
BENEFITS
1. More manufactured goods
2. Better transportation
3. Improved technology/machinery
4. Less isolation (regions are linked)
5. Improvements in construction techniques