CIVICS
LESSON 4
SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT AND THE
LAWS OF THE EARLY FILIPINO
2 Kinds of Government
• barangay
• sultanate
THE BARANGAY
• also called balanghai
• is a community composed of 30 to 100 families
Who is the leader of the barangay?
• datu or a maginoo
WHAT IS A MAGINOO?
• is also called in other communities as lakan, raja or gat
WHAT CAN A DATU DO?
• is very powerful
• creates a rule and ask his constituents to follow them and
whoever violates the rules would be punished
• he could choose an adviser from the elders of the
community
• he had utmost regard for the wisdom of the old
HOW TO BECOME A DATU?
• by inheritance
• intelligence
• bravery
• extraordinary characteristics
• forced by his fellow community members to be their
leader
WHAT ARE THE DATU'S
RESPONSIBILITIES?
• to know,to take care and give the things needed by his
people
• protecting and maintaining peace
WHAT DO THE PEOPLE IN THE
COMMUNITY DO?
• they pay taxes
• help in caring for their livelihood
• maintain peace
• obey the law
• be ready to protect his fellow community members when
necessary
LAWS IN THE BARANGAY?
• 2 types:
• written
• unwritten
WHO FORMULATED THE LAWS?
• the laws were formulated by the datu together with the
elders who were also called pantas or maginoo
WHAT HAPPENED IF THE LAW IS
APPROVED?
• the umalohokan or the village crier was given the task to
inform the members of the barangay of the new law.
WHERE DO THE WRITTEN AND
UNWRITTEN LAWS BASED
FROM?
• they were based on the:
• practises and customs of our forefathers
• their systems of work
• their way of thinking and traditions
• based on the Koran (Muslim bible) and the Sunnah
WHAT IS A SUNNAH?
• writings about tranditions since the time of Mohammed
WHAT DO THE LAWS DEAL WITH?
• properties or posessions
• crime
• inheritance
• business
• adoption
• divorce
WHAT ARE THE HEINOUS CRIME?
• rape
• murder
• witchcraft or kulam
• stealing
WHAT ARE THE MINOR CRIMES?
• swindling
• destroying of documents
WHAT IS THE STRONG IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW TO MAINTAIN
PEACE AND ORDER?
• An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth
THE SULTANATE GOVERNMENT
• is the partner of the Islam religion which was brough to
Sulu by Abu Bakar and Shariff Kabugsuan of
Maguindanao
WHO IS THE SUPREME LEADER?
• Sultan
WHAT IS A SULTAN?
• manages the sultanate government
• in charge of towns or places called banwa or banua
• he is a political leader
• he stood as imam or leader of the Muslim religion
HOW TO BECOME A SULTAN?
• by inheritance from a rajah mudah or inheritor
WHO WERE THE PEOPLE WHO
ASSISTED THE SULTAN?
• Rhuma Bechara
COMPONENTS OF COUNCIL
• rajah mudah
• datu
• relatives of the sultan
• people with high positions
WHO BELONGS TO THE COUNCIL
OF ADVISERS?
• ulma or pantas of Islam
THE SULTANATE LAW
• Who headed the court of justice?
• gazi or gadi
• Who is a gazi or gadi?
• the sultan