Let’s enjoy the song Michael Jackson 大亚湾区第二中学 罗粤辉 Task: find out some complex sentences Heal The World——Michael Jackson (开头的陈述) Think about on the generations and say we want to make it a better place for our children and our children's children. So that they know it's a better world for them. And think they can make it a better place. 英语中考专项复习 复合句 宾语从句 Object Clauses 复合句 定语从句 Attributive Clauses 状语从句 Adverbial Clauses 指出下列各从句的类型: I hope that everything is all right. She was reading the newspaper when I came in. She is the girl who sings best of all. 宾语从句 状语从句 定语从 句 宾语从句 • Tom told me (that) he was watching the football match . • Can you tell me which class you are in? • I wonder whether / if he can come on time . 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which, what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句 由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句 A) Introduced by that 主句的谓语动词是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等 时,或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, sure, sorry等作表语的系表结构时,后面常接 that引导的宾语从句。 e.g. He says (that) he wants to speak to the teacher. I’m afraid (that) he isn’t here right now. 宾语从句 由that引导的宾语从句 , that无意义可省略 1. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour . (一小时后他会回来) 2. He said (that) they missed us very much . (他非常想念我们) 3. The teacher told us (that) the earth travels round the sun . (地球围着太阳转) Back B) Introduced by relative pronouns and adverbs (连接代词和连接副词) 1.宾语从句可由连接代词what, who, whom, which等引 导, 不能省略。 Do you know who will come this afternoon? Did you hear what he said? I don’t know whose that is. Could you tell me which park we have to go to? 2. 宾语从句可由连接副词when, where, how, why等引导, 它们在宾语从句中作状语,不可省略。 We didn’t know when she would come back. Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? No one knows why she is late again. 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 1. Who are they waiting for? Do you know? Do you know ____ who ____ they ____ are waiting for? 2. When will we have a meeting? I asked. when ____ we would I asked ____ ____ have a meeting. 3. Where did Mr Zhang buy the robot? I’d like to know ______________________ where Mr Zhang bought the robot _____________ . Back c) Introduced by if/whether if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为“是否”,一 般情况下可以互换。如: 1. Will he go to the park with us? he will I want to know if/whether ________ ____ ___ go to the park with us. 2. Have you finished your homework? I ____ had My mother asked if/whether _________ ___ finished my homework. Note: 只用whether的几种情况: 1. 在介词后 I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. 2. 与or not连用时 I don’t know whether they will come to help us or not. 3. 宾语从句提前时只能用whether Whether this is true or not, I can’t say. 4.whether后可以接动词不定式 We don’t know whether to go there tomorrow . Back 由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句 e.g. 1. I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us . __________________________________ (他是否跟我们一起去公园) whether (if) he can come. (他是否能来) 2. Ask him _____________________ whether it is going to rain 3. I don’t know __________________________ or not . (是否要下雨) Back 关于宾语从句的时态对应 主句 从句 1、一般现在时 A.过去的某一种时态 2、一般过去时 B.根据句意选择时态 注意:当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然 现象、名言时,则用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制 wants He says that he ______to see him as soon as possible. (want) He said that he wanted ______to see him as soon as possible. (want) rises in the east. (rise) The teacher told us that the sun ____ 小结 that 1、_________ 引导陈述句。 2、__________引导特殊疑问句。 特殊疑问词 if/whether 3、__________引导一般疑问句。 4、宾语从句要用__________语序。 陈述句 5、主句、从句时态要对应。 点击中考 1. The teacher asked the students _____. A A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was he born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted (04年南京) 考点分析: 主句的时态为一般过去时 B 项从句没有用陈述句语序 CD 项从句的时态与主句不一致 2. ----Could you tell me ____________? A ----About two hours . A. how long it takes to fly to Guilin B. how long it took to fly to Guilin C. how long does it take to fly to Guilin D. how long did it take to fly to Guilin (05年南京) 考点分析: 主句中could表示委婉的语气,不 是一般过去时。 从句要用陈述句语序。 3. I’ll give a talk tomorrow. I’m thinking A about ________. A. what to say B. how to say C. what can I say D. how can I say (05年苏州) c 4.---Do you know _____about China? ---The people and the food. A. if Jim likes B. how does Jim like C. what Jim likes D. why does Jim like (04年盐城) 宾语从句中考题练兵: ( A ) 1. Will you please tell me ? (上海) A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport was C. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built ( A) 2. It’s not polite to ask people in England. (常州) A. how much money you have got B. what the weather is like C. what your city looks like D. how old are you ( C) 3. Our geography teacher told us that Japan of China.(河北) A. is in B. was in C. is to D. was to the east ( B) 4. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. (通化) A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going ( C )5. I wonder if he tonight. If he , I’ll let you know. (扬州) A. will come; will come B. comes; comes C. will come; comes D. comes; will come ( D ) 6. Nobody knows he’ll come or not. (辽宁) A. that B. if C. / D. whether Choose the right answers ( A ) 1. The visitor wants to know____ from Huizhou to Guangzhou. A. how far it is B. how far is it C. how long it is D. how long is it ( A) 2. Could you tell me________? A . who you are waiting for B. who were you waiting for C. where you live in ( B ) 3. Do you still remember_______? A. that he said B. what he said C. what did he say ( C ) 4. He asked me ________ during the summer holiday. A. where had I gone B. where I had gone C. where I had been 定语从句 The old lady who lives next to us sells books. You should do all that I said. I have found the teacher whom I am looking for . I visited the factory where my father works. 1.从句位置及语序: 先行词之后,用陈述式语序 2.翻译方法: “….的” 3.构成 关系代词和关系副词 一 、who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 1. who 在从句中作主语,不可省略,先行词必须是人。 e.g. This is the doctor who came her yesterday. 2. whom在从句中作宾语,先行词必须是人,可以省略。 e.g. The man (whom) you saw last week has left the town. 3. whose在从句中作定语,表示所属关系,其所修饰的 先行词既可是人也可是物。 e.g. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. He lives in the house whose window faces south 介词+关系代词的情况 1 The man whom you spoke to was a scientist. The city which she lives in is far away. 介词+关系代词的情况 2 Are these two sentences right? The man The city who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. × that/which she lives in is far away. × 二、that, which引导的定语从句 这两个代词均指物,它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是 物,通常情况下,它们可以互换。 1. that, which在从句中作主语,不可省略。 e.g. Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou. 2. that, which在从句中作宾语,可以省略。 e.g. Is this the film (that/which) you talked about last week? 注意:关系代词在作介词宾语时,只能用which且不能省略。 e.g. The house in which he once lived is a meeting-room. = The house (which) he once lived in is a meeting-room. 1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况 (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。如: All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all等词修饰 时。例如: He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的 词。例如:He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高 级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如: He talked about the people and the things (that) he remembered. 三、关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句 (在从句中作状语) 1. where表地点 e.g. This is the village where he was born. c.f. This is the village (that/which) he visited last year. 2. when表时间 e.g. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League. c.f. I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together. 3. why表原因 e.g. The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is quite clear. summary 定语从句的关系词 人(主语) who / that 物(主语/宾语)which / that 人(宾语) whom /who / that 谁的 whose 时间 when (介词+which) 地点 where (介词+which) 原因 why ( for which) 如果介词提前关系代词做介词宾语时, 只用 which, whom 如果介词提前,作宾语的关系代词不能省略 • 指物,只用 which • 指人,只用whom 下列情况只能用that 1 序数词或最高级adj修饰先行词时 2 all, everything, nobody 等不定代 词作先行词时 点击中考 C is reading under the tree ___ 1. The girl ____ my sister. (04年无锡) A.which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was B 2. The police caught the man _____ stole my handbag. (03年扬州) A. He B. that C. whom D. which Fill in the blanks with who, which, that: 1.The people __________ who/ that visited our school yesterday are from Canada. 2.They planted the trees __________ which/ that don’t need much water at present. 3.The girl ____________ has left is my who/ that favourite singer. 4. The horse _____________ which/ that is under the tree belongs to John. 5.This film which/ ____________ that you are watching now is directed by Stephen Chow. 定语从句练习 A my mother bought yesterday. 1. This is the bag _____ A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2. The man _____ c lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. / 3. The girl _____ A you saw in the street is Mary. A. that B. whose C. which D. as 定语从句练习 D I have read. 4. This is the best book _____ A. who B. whom C. which D. / C 5. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him. A. was B. were C. is D. are B was here just now is a doctor. 6 The man _____ A. whom B. who C. / D. he 定语从句练习 B we’ll never 7. October 1,1949 is the day _____ forget. A. when B. that C. where D. in which B the 8. October 1,1949 was the day _____ People’s Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where D. in which 9. Is this the shop _____ A sells children’s clothing? A. which B. where C. in which D. what 定语从句练习 ( B ) 10. The number of people as many as 250,000. A. which B. who lost homes reached C. whom D. / ( D )11. This is the most beautiful part visited. I have A. which; ever B. that; never C. which; yet D. that; ever ( A ) 12. My necklace is not the only thing missing. A. that B. which C. what D. / is 定语从句练习 ( D) 13. The book A. which ( C ) 14 The place A. which cover is red is Tom’s. B. that C. / D. whose I grew up is a beautiful town. B. that C. where D. from which ( D ) 15. I don’t think the number of people happens is very large. A. who B. to which C. that ( A)16. Is that the novel about yesterday? A. which B. that this D. to whom they talked in class C. who D. / 状语从句 状语从句 条件 连 词 if, unless(if not)(除非) 让步 although, though, even though/if(即使) 结果 so / such … that(如此…以致…) 目的 so that (为了,以便) 时间 when/ while/ as, before, after, till/ until, since (自从), as soon as (一… 就) 原因 because, as, since, for If you don’t work hard, you will not get good marks. Unless you work hard, you will not get good marks. 选用if , unless填空。 1. I will tell him ____ if he comes. 2. ___ If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. unless 3. You will not be successful __________ you work hard. unless it rains. 4. We will go on a picnic ______ 返回 注意: even though带有强调的意味,语气较强。 although, though语气较弱,although 比 though 正式。 它们既可以放在句前也可以放在句中。 它们不可以与but同时使用。 She went on with her work ________ although she was very tired. ________ she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. Although 返回 so + adj./adv. + that such + n.ph. + that e.g. Everything there was so beautiful that I wanted to live in it. Hello Kitty danced so beautifully that everyone screamed. Mary is such a helpful girl that everyone likes her. 返回 so that (为了,以便)目的状语从句 (so that之后通常用can, will, could, 或 may 等动词) 1. I am going to show him some famous Hu Tongs so that he can learn more about China. 2. Please read it louder so that everybody can hear. 3. He takes a lot of photos wherever he goes so that he can tell his family and friends about China. 返回 选用when, while, as 填空 while the 1. We were clapping our hands ________ performers were marching across the park. 2. While/As/When ______________Millie was watching TV, Andy opened the door. when Dad 3. Mum was writing a postcard ________ came back. When/As Millie sat down on the sofa, 4. ___________ Andy came into the room. 返回 选用before, after, until/till 填空 Before • _______the awards start, we will interview some of the most famous stars. until/till • You won’t find out the answer ___________the end of the film. • You will realize how much danger these tigers face _______ after you watch the programmes. Until the end of the film, you won’t find out • _______ the answer. until/till 5 p. m. yesterday. • I played football __________ 返回 翻译句子 1. 我自从30年前离开学校以来,就在这儿工作。 I have worked here ________________________ since I left school 30 years ago. 2. 他参军已20年了。 (since) It is 20 years since he joined the army. ____________________________________________ 3. 她一到家,我就给你打电话。 I will call you _________________ she gets home. as soon as 返回 because 语气最强。直接的理由。它所引导的从句,通常 因为 放在主句之后。 I do it because I like it. since 既然 语气较弱。所表示的原因,是指人们已知的事实。 Since we got all wet, we needed to change our clothes. as 由于 语气更弱,较口语化。所表示的原因比较明显, 或是已知事实。它所引导的从句,多放在主句之 前。As it’s raining hard, let’s stay at home. for 因为 表示的原因只是对前一分句补充理由或推断原因, 它与前一分句不存在因果关系。它所引导的分句 只能放在句子后部。常用于书面语。 She could not have seen me, for I was not there. 返回 点击中考 1.---Did you see the traffic accident yesterday? ---Yes. it happened when I ______ past the D museum. (05年苏州) A. walk B. am walking C. will walk D. was walking 2. We asked the policeman the way and he told us to walk straight on ______ we reached C the restaurant. (05年常州) A. whenever B. however C. until D. while 3. Liu Xiang still spends a lot of time training A _______ he has broken the Olympic record. A. though B. but C. because (05年淮安) 4. --- Time to go to bed, Mary. C --- Oh, Mum, I won’t go to bed ______ I have finished my homework. (05年宿迁) A. after B. since C. until D. as soon as C up earlier, he can finish the 5. If Mike _____ work in time. (05年海门) A. get B. will get C. gets D. is getting