February 17
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David Cooley
Santrese Jones
Zack Schon
Brian Wing
Sara Deats
Rhea Race
Bryan Clifford
Matt Baumgartner
Brian Buske
Alex Gray
Jaqwan Robinson
Terance Williams
February 19
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Evan Pace
Kevin Desrosiers
JoAnne Folts
Michael Delfs
Thomas Vielhaner
Erica Shove
Waleed Jared
Jeff Benedicks
Nicole DiNapoli
Alan Novy
Brooke Vanderwall
Audience-Centered
Speechmaking
Process
An Audience-Centered
Speechmaking Model
Always think of your
audience
•
Shows sensitivity to their needs.
•
Think if they understand your words.
Consider Your Audience
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Gather & analyze information about
audience.
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Consider culturally diverse backgrounds of
audience.
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Adapt speech to particular audience.
1.Select & Narrow Your Topic
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•
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Who will be hearing your speech?
What is the occasion (event)?
What are YOUR interests, talents &
experiences?
Special Occasion or
Ceremonial Speaking
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Introductions
Toasts
Award Presentations
Nominations
Acceptances
Eulogies
Keynote Addresses – No!
Commencement Addresses – No!
Commemorative / Tributes – Not so much!
2. Determine Your Purpose
• General Purpose: overarching
goal of your speech
Three (3) Types of General Purposes
•
Inform:
teach, define or clarify.
• Persuade:
change or strengthen thoughts or behaviors.
• Entertain:
amuse with stories, illustrations and humor.
Specific Purpose
(YOU must have a “Special Purpose” note card.)
•
•
Exact response you want from audience.
Concise statement indicating what you
want audience to do, think, feel or
remember.
•
“At the end of my speech, the audience will
be able to. . .”
• Use verbs such as: list, explain, describe or
write.
• Do not use words such as: know, understand
or believe.
3. Develop Your Central Idea
•
Overview of speech (sometime called the thesis.)
•
One-sentence summary of speech and restates the
speech topic.
• Not a phrase, clause or question –
Phrase:
Question:
Complete
Delarative
Sentence:
Car maintenance
Is regular car maintenance important?
Maintaining your car regularly can
ensure that it provides reliable
transportation.
An example of YOUR Note Card:
•Topic:
The South Beach Diet.
• General Purpose:
• Specific Purpose:
To inform.
• Central Idea:
The South Beach diet is
based upon reducing the
amount of carbohydrates
you eat, drinking more
water, and increasing the
amount of exercise.
At the end of my speech,
the audience will be able
to identify the three key
elements in the South
Beach diet.
4. Generate Main Ideas
•
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Identify how speech will logically divide.
How central idea logically divides will
determine main ideas.
•
Reasons why central idea is true can be main
ideas.
•
Series of steps to illustrate central idea can be
main ideas.
5. Gather Supporting Material
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Material that “backs up” ideas.
Can be personal &/or concrete.
Should appeal to listeners.
Research your supporting material.
Can be verbal, visual, or both.
6. Organize Your Speech
•
•
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Arrange ideas to make most sense.
•
Follow effective outlining techniques.
Start with body.
Prepare introduction & conclusion AFTER
body.
7. Rehearse Your Speech
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Prepare early.
Practice out loud (7 X’s.)
Observe your behaviors.
Make adjustments.
Rehearse in front of others.
8. Deliver Your Speech
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Walk calmly.
Walk confidently.
Remember rehearsals.
Maintain eye contact.
Speak loudly.
Vary your pitch.