Questions
• Describe Hamilton’s vision for the US
economy. How does it compare to
Jefferson’s?
• Discuss Hamilton’s view on whether
government power should be at the state or
national level. How does this compare to
Jefferson’s?
• Discuss Hamilton’s view on regular people.
How does it compare with Jefferson’s?
The New Republic
Jefferson
Vs.
Hamilton
First Administration under the
Constitution
• George Washington
is the first President.
• John Adams is the
first Vice-Pres.
Alexander Hamilton is the First
Secretary of Treasury
• Born poor in Nevis
(island in Caribbean).
• Lawyer from New York.
• Aide to George
Washington during the
Revolutionary War.
• Becomes leader of the
Federalists.
Thomas Jefferson is the First
Secretary of State
• Rich Planter from
Virginia.
• Governor of VA during
War.
• Author of Dec. of Indep.
• Becomes leader of the
DemocraticRepublicans. (later just
Democrats)
Ideas on Political Parties
• Political Parties are thought to be bad—
everybody is supposed to be concerned
about the public good.
• But quickly, disagreements begin to occur
between Jefferson and Hamilton.
What Hamilton is for:
• 1. A very strong national Govt.
• 2. Govt. should aide in the development of
manufacturing to create a more diversified
economy.
• 3. Distrusts “the people.” Thinks that the rich
should decide things.
• 4. Favors England.
What Jefferson is for:
• Favors “States’ Rights.” Wants a limited Federal
Govt.
• Thinks farming is good —manufacturing bad.
Wants a country of small, independent farmers.
• Believes that “The People” are good.
• Favors France.
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
• Wanted to link the wealthy and powerful to the
national govt.
• New govt. should take responsibility for existing
Revolutionary War debt.
– A. National Debt = Certificates (“Funding the Debt”).
– B. State Debts = “Assumption.”
• Hamilton’s System would create a permanent
national debt (“A blessing, not a curse”).
Deal with the Opposition
• Madison and Jefferson emerge as leaders
of opposition to Hamilton’s plans.
• Strike deal over dinner to get passage of
assumption of state debt in exchange for
moving federal capital from Philadelphia to
the South (How Washington D.C. is
created).
Warm Up
• What was the name of the political party that
formed around the ideas of Alexander
Hamilton?
• A = federalists.
• What was the name of the party that formed
around the ideas of Jefferson?
• A = Democratic-Republicans
• Who favored the common people?
• A = Jefferson.
• Who wanted a powerful government and
factories?
• A = Hamilton
National Bank
• Hamilton is for the creation of a national
Bank.
• Would create national currency and loan $
to start factories.
• Jefferson is opposed—says is
unconstitutional and would favor rich.
Interpretation of Constitution
• Elastic Clause: congress shall “make all laws
which shall be necessary and proper” for
carrying out the powers listed in the Constitution.
• A.K.A. The Necessary and Proper Clause.
• Hamilton interprets broadly, means the Federal
Govt. can do all kinds of things.
• Jefferson interprets narrowly—wants powers of
Federal Govt. to be limited.
Hamilton Wants New Sources of
Income
• Western Land Sales were only previous
Nat. govt. direct income.
• Hamilton proposes 2 new taxes.
a. Tax on distillers of alcohol.
b. Tariff on imports.
The Whiskey Rebellion
• Hamilton gets a new tax passed on distilled liquor.
• This was bad for western farmers who turned their corn
to whiskey so they could transport it easier.
• Farmers in Western Pennsylvania would not pay and did
violence against the tax collectors.
• Washington and Hamilton led federal troops to put down
the rebellion.
• Important because it showed that the National govt. was
not weak like under the Articles of Confederation.
Whiskey Rebellion
Whiskey Rebellion
Soon, people begin to support one
or the other.
• Those that follow Hamilton are called the
Federalists.
• Those that follow Jefferson are called
Democratic-Republicans (later they just
become Democrats).
The French Revolution
• Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans support the
Revolution.
• Hamilton and the Federalists don’t—they see it as the
common people getting out of control.
• Soon, France and England go to War.
• The Democratic-Republicans support France.
• The Federalists support England.
What happens
• At First, Hamilton is able to get
much of his program to become
law.
• But Jefferson is elected
President in 1800
• Hamilton is killed by Jefferson’s
Vice-President—Aaron Burr—in
a duel.
Burr Kills Hamilton
Hamilton or Jefferson
• Federalist
• First Sec. of Treasury.
• Supports France
• Wants powerful national
government.
• Thinks US should stick to
farming.
• Doesn’t think “common”
people should have much
of a say in government.
• Favors a strict
interpretation of the
Constitution.
• Thought the govt. should
encourage
manufacturing.
Key Federalists are:
• George Washington
• John Adams
• John Marshall
Key Democratic Republicans
• James Madison
• James Monroe
Quotes—Jefferson of Hamilton
• “We should not be dependant on foreign
countries any longer, therefore, we should
strive to develop a more diversified
economy by developing manufacturing.”
• “The people lack for judgment and thus
should have as little to do with the
government as possible.”
Jefferson or Hamilton
• “Those that labor the earth are the chosen
people of God”
• “The French Revolution is awful…it is a tyranny
of democracy…the people have gone crazy.”
• “The Constitution says nothing of a National
Bank and therefore the government does not
have the power to create one.”
Alien and Sedition Acts
• John Adams became President after
Washington served 2-terms.
• A lot of people from France (as well as
Democratic-Republicans) were trying to get the
US to help France and go to war with England.
• Adams and the Federalists passed the Alien and
Sedition Acts.
• Alien Act —Gave the president the power
to deport any aliens that he thought were
“dangerous to the peace and safety of the
US.”
• Sedition Act —Made it a crime to say or
print anything bad about the President or
the government.
• These laws were so unpopular that Adams
lost to Jefferson in 1800.
Marbury v. Madison
• Federalists try to appoint Federalist judges
before Jefferson and the DemocraticRepublicans take office.
• Adams appoints judges all the way until his last
evening as president.
• These last appointed judges are called the
“midnight judges.”
• William Marbury is one of these judges.
Marbury (Cont.)
• Marbury’s commission is not delivered.
• When Jefferson becomes Pres. the next day, he
appoints James Madison as Sec. of State.
• Madison refuses to deliver Marbury’s appointment.
• Marbury sues Madison.
• Case goes to the Supreme Court where it declares the
Judiciary Act that allowed the creation of new judges to
be unconsitutional
• FEDERAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM
• Supreme Court
• Courts of Appeals
• District Courts
John Marshall
• Greatest Supreme Court Chief
Justice
• Marshall is a Federalist
• 1803— Marbury V. Madison
establishes precedent of judicial
review.
• Judicial review means that the
Supreme court gets to determine
if laws passed by Congress are
Constitutional.
• Makes Supreme Court powerful.
Foreign Policy Legacy
• Washington’s Farewell Address urges
against foreign alliances. THE US
SHOULD TRY TO STAY NEUTRAL AND
MIND ITS OWN BUSSINESS.
• Most energy is expended with westward
expansion.
• Isolationism is dominant in regards to
foreign affairs.
The War of 1812
• US tires to remain neutral in Napoleonic war between France and
England.
• Both sides capture US ships trying to ship goods to the other
country.
• The British begin forcing captured US sailors to serve in their navy
(this is called Impressment).
• US Tries and Embargo, but it only hurts the US economy.
• The US finally goes to war against England (War of 1812)
• War ends in 1815 with nothing changed.
The Hartford Convention
• During the War of 1812, Federalists meet
in Harford, Conn.
• They talk of dropping out of the US
because they don’t like the war.
• They don’t, but meeting makes them look
unpatriotic and after the war, nobody will
support them and the party dies.
Key Terms
• Whiskey Rebellion
• War of 1812
• Impressment
• John Marshall
• Alien Act
• John Adams
• Sedition Act
• Democratic
Republicans
• Marbury v. Madison
• Federalists
Review
• Anti-Federalists
• New Jersey Plan
• Federalist Papers
• Great Compromise
• Articles of Confederation
• 3/5 Compromise
• Bill of Rights
• Virginia Plan
The first Presidents and their
Parties/States
•
•
•
•
•
1788-1796
1796-1800
1800-1808
1808-1816
1816-1824
Washington—Federalist. (VA)
J.Adams—Federalist (Mass.)
Jefferson—Dem.-Rep.(VA)
Madison—Dem.-Rep.(VA)
Monroe—Dem.-Rep.(VA)