THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
• Lesson Aim:
To discover how and why Parliament
defeated the King.
The Civil War
The Civil War
• On 25 August 1642 Charles I raised his
standard at Nottingham, signalling the
start of the Civil War.
The Civil War
• On 25 August 1642 Charles I raised his
standard at Nottingham, signalling the
start of the Civil War.
• Ordinary people throughout the country
now had to choose which side they were
on: their King or their Parliament.
The Civil War
• Often the choice divided families: two
brothers could join different armies, or
fathers might fight against their sons.
The Civil War
• Often the choice divided families: two
brothers could join different armies, or
fathers might fight against their sons.
• However, in many cases, people simply
joined the army that reached their city or
town first.
For the King!
• The King had support from the
nobles and gentry.
For the King!
• The King had support from the
nobles and gentry.
• He also had support in Ireland,
Wales, and in the North and
West of England.
For Parliament!
• The Puritans fought on Parliament’s side.
• Parliament also had support from the
richer areas of the country in South and
Eastern England.
Why did Parliament win?
Why did Parliament win?
• Although the whole country was at war,
there were not very many important
battles.
Why did Parliament win?
• Although the whole country was at war,
there were not very many important
battles.
• Most of the battles in 1642 and 1643 were
either a draw or were won by the
Royalists.
Why did Parliament win?
• Although the whole country was at war,
there were not very many important
battles.
• Most of the battles in 1642 and 1643 were
either a draw or were won by the
Royalists.
• But in 1644 and 1645, most battles were
won by the Parliamentarians.
Why did Parliament win?
• Why did Parliament start doing so well?
Cromwell and the New Model Army
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644,
an
MP
called
Oliver
Cromwell
reorganised Parliament’s Army.
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644,
an
MP
called
Oliver
Cromwell
reorganised Parliament’s Army.
• This new army was called the ‘New Model
Army’.
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644,
an
MP
called
Oliver
Cromwell
reorganised Parliament’s Army.
• This new army was called the ‘New Model
Army’.
• It was commanded by Thomas Fairfax and
Oliver Cromwell.
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• The soldiers in the New Model Army were
regularly paid, provided with a uniform,
and properly trained to fight.
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• The soldiers in the New Model Army were
regularly paid, provided with a uniform,
and properly trained to fight.
• This was a totally new idea at the time!
Cromwell and the New Model Army
• The soldiers in the New Model Army were
regularly paid, provided with a uniform,
and properly trained to fight.
• This was a totally new idea at the time!
• The New Model Army with its well-trained
soldiers finally defeated Charles at the
Battle of Naseby in 1645.
BIG QUESTION FOR
PARLIAMENT:
• What should they do with the King?
Your Task
• It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the
Civil War.
Your Task
• It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the
Civil War.
• You are a member of Cromwell’s New
Model Army, and are feeling happy and
victorious.
Your Task
• It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the
Civil War.
• You are a member of Cromwell’s New
Model Army, and are feeling happy and
victorious.
• Write a diary entry explaining the
following:
Your Task
•
•
•
•
•
Who supported the King,
Who supported Parliament,
When the war began,
Cromwell and The New Model Army,
How Parliament won.