ENGINE TYPES
Piston Engines Types
Different layouts of various piston engine
Single
Inline 3
Vee
Twin
Inline 5
Inline 4
Piston Engine Types - Layouts
Vee 5
Vee 6
Vee 8
Piston Engine Types - Layouts
Horizontally Opposed (Or flat) 4
Vee 8
Firing Order: -
1–4–3–2
1–8–4–3–6–5–7–2
Piston Engine Types - Layouts
Port B –
Cylinder
Inlet
Piston at TDC
Port C Exhaust
Port A –
Crankcase
Inlet
Stroke 1
Piston rising pulls
fuel/air mixture into
crankcase;
compression
causes combustion
Stroke 2
Piston at BDC
Piston pushed
down forces
fuel/air mixture
into cylinder
Piston Engine Types – 2 Stroke Cycle
Direct
Injection
Indirect
Injection
Engine Cross
Section
Inlet
Exhaust
Same mechanical set-up
as petrol engine
Combustion initiated by
hot compressed air
But no spark plugs!
Diesel
Mechanical Arrangement – Petrol
Engine Cross Section
Casing
The piston rotates around the fixed pinion
Rotating
Triangular
‘Piston’
But the shape of the piston and
the casing also make the
piston move up and down by a
small amount as well
Fixed (nonrotating)
Pinion
Inlet
Port
Rotating
‘Crankshaft’
Exhaust
Port
Spark
Plug
This motion drives the rotating
crankshaft
Which in turn drives the output shaft
Output
Shaft
Points of contact
marked in yellow
Mechanical Arrangement – Wankel Engine
Engine Cycle
Chamber A
Chamber B
Inlet
Port
Exhaust
Port
Chamber C
Mechanical Arrangement – Wankel Engine
Cylinders
Crankcase
Valve
Gear
Propeller
Mount
Bolts
Valve
Pushrod
Spark
Plug
Mechanical Arrangement – Radial/Rotary Engines
Radial/Rotary
Radial
Rotary
RHONE
Aircraft
Nose
(viewed from the front)
Model
aero
engine
(viewed from the side)
Radial powered motorbike
Aircraft
Nose
(viewed from the side)
28 Cylinder Radial
Mechanical Arrangement – Radial/Rotary Engines
To fairly big!
Cylinder
Is there any limits
to size?
Head
Bolts
Crankshaft
They go from tiny: -
Flat Twin
Hand
Held
Flywheel
Cylinder
Liners
Cylinder
Block
Mechanical Arrangement – Engine Size
That was a brief explanation of various
internal combustion engine variants
There are more variations
to be found on the internet
Mechanical Arrangement