Chapter 9
Managing
Schedules
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
1
In the chapter
 How to develop schedules to track the
progress of your work.
 How to use checkpoints to track progress
against a schedule.
 Tracking earned value.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
2
The need of schedule
 You make schedule in order to meet
commitments.
 A schedule is necessary when have
several commitments to work on at
the same time.
 Then you will alternate between
tasks,doing one for a while and then
moving to the next.
 example
 Careful schedule your time for larger
and larger projects.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
3
The gantt chart
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
4
More examples
Excel中的gantt图插件
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url
=/library/en-us/dnexcl2k2/html/ODC_Gantt.asp
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
5
Making a project
schedule
 Step1:analyzing the job in enough
detail to identify its several
component tasks.
 Step2:estimate the size for each of
these smaller tasks and determine the
amount of work.
 Step3:list each task on a Gannt chart
with a schedule bar to show when it
will start and end.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
6
If involves several
people
 Make sure that each individual knows the




tasks
Obtain the committed dates for each of
these tasks.
Identify the interdependencies among the
tasks.
Document each of these interdependencies.
Review the schedule and interdependencies.
 No conflicts,disagreements or
misunderstandings.
 Review the schedule covers all the tasks
needed.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
7
checkpoints
 What is checkpoint?
 Break the work into several parts.
 When each part is completed,you have
made a defined level of progress.
 Measurable schedule points like this are
called checkpoints or milestones.
 Each checkpoint is a identifiable point,
with a planned completion date.
 you can readily see if you are on
schedule or falling behind.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
8
Checkpoints must be clear
& unambiguous
 Must be a specific action
 You have completed and submitted
a term paper
 You completed a plan using a
standard planning format
 You have reviewed the
development plan
 You completed a program design
using a specified design format
 You completed a program by
implemented,compiled, and
corrected .
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
9
Inadequate
checkpoints
 You have made a plan to write a
program.
 If the plan contained the needed
information?
 You have designed a program.
 What constitutes a complete
design?
 Coding is 90% complete.
 Vague and misleading.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
10
Suggestions on
establishing checkpoints
 对个人来讲，每5—10个小时工作至
少应该建立一个检查点；
 对项目来讲，每周至少应该建立一个
检查点。
 Remind you to do the work when
it is planned.
 It is important for each engineer
in a project to have several
intermediate checkpoints so that
everyone can know the status of
all the other work.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
11
Tracking project
plans
 Allow you to determine whether
the project is on, ahead of,or
behind schedule.
 To be able to take timely action
in the event of problems.
 Recognize problem early,
 See how to fix them,
 Often be able to recover
 Anticipate problems before they
become serious enough.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
12
Tracking project
plans
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
13
Suggestions on
schedule tracking
 Make sure checkpoints definitions




are clearly defined and written down
Do not change until make a new one
When posting status against the
plan, don’t change the plan
New estimated dates noted by
dotted lines.
Keep copies of original schedule and
all update.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
14
Tracking earned
value(积分)
 Help to know where you are!
 See table9.1 (page 106), table9.2
(page 108) Calculating each task’s
percentage of the total project.
 If some task completed, you will earn
some values,which named earned
value.
 If reach an earned value of100%,
means you complete all the works.
 By using earned value,could do the
work in different order than originally
planned and still track progress
against the plan.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
15
summary
 Schedule,checkpoints
 Using gantt chart
 Using schedule track project
plan
 Track earned value
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
16
Assignment 9
 Define 3 or more checkpoints for
the work to write a modestsized program.
 Submit a brief report describing
each checkpoint.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
17
Chapter 10
The project plan
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
18
In the chapter
 The need for Project plan
 How to make a project plan
 Project plan Summary form--
-record both estimate and
actual program size and
development time.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
19
The Need for Project
plans
 The project plan provides
 a definition of each major task,
 an estimate of the time and
resource required,
 and a frame work for management
review and control.
 The project plan is also a
powerful learning vehicle.
 Help make better estimates for
future tasks
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
20
The project plan
summary
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
21
Will learn later
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
22
Contents of the project
plan Summary
 Sections
 Head
 Summary
 Program size
 Time in phase
 Defect injected
 Defect Removed
 Parts
 Plan
 Actual
 To date
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
23
The Project Plan
Summary
---Head Section
Student ______
Program______
Instructor_____
Date__________
Program#______
Language______
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
24
The Project Plan
Summary
---Summary Section
Summary
Minutes/LOC
LOC/Hour
Plan
________
________
Actual
_______
_______
 LOC/Hour = 60/(Minutes/LOC)
 Based on historical data
 A measurement of the productivity
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
25
The Project Plan
Summary
---Program Size Section
Program Size(LOC):
Plan
Total New & Changed
____
Maximum Size
_______
Minimum Size
_______
Actual
_____
To Date
______
 Meaning and calculation of the item To Date
 The calculation of Program size
 The aim of recording the Max. and Min. Sizes
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
26
Program size
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
27
New and Changed
 When engineers develop software, it
takes them much more time to add
or modify a LOC than it does to
delete or reuse one. Thus, in the
PSP, engineers use only the added or
modified code to make size and
resource estimates. This code is
called the New and Changed LOC.
 N&C LOC = Added + Modified
 A modified LOC can be represented
by a deleted and an added LOC
 Ignore those reused and copied LOC,
the estimates will probably be more
accurate.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
28
Maximum and
minimum size
 Useful for judging the likely
time range for a
development estimate.
 Not statistically derived and
cannot be relied on to
provide statistical limits.
 You need substantial amount
of data.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
29
The Project Plan
Summary
---Time in Phase Section
Time in Phase(min.):
Plan
Planning
____
Design
____
Code
____
Code Review
____
Compile
____
Test
____
Postmortem(后置处理)____
Total
____
Maximum Time ______
Minimum Time ______
Actual To Date
To Date%
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
30
Time in phase
 It is later used for data on the
phases for the software
development process.
 Estimate the program size in Loc
and then multiply it by the
Minutes/LOC.
 Calculate maximum and
minimum times by multiplying
maximum and minimum sizes
by the Minutes/LOC.
 Compare and track.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
31
Estimating accuracy
 Initial probably not be very




accurate, this is normal.
Learn to make unbiased
estimates.
Estimate fluctuations will reduce
only gradually.
Document your estimates,study
them, and learn from them,
which will help you to make
better estimate.
Know how big an allowance.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
32
Summary and
assignment
 Summary
 The need of project plan.
 How to make a project plan
 Project Plan Summary
 Assignment 10
 Using table 10.2 to make
Project Plan Summary in your
Program exercises. At least
submit 3 Project Plan
Summaries of your
homework.
山东大学齐鲁软件学院
33