Do Now
Copy your homework: Find a song with at least 2
examples of ethos, logos and pathos. Color code the
song like we did in class with Letter from Birmingham
Jail. Finish reading Letter from Birmingham Jail.
Copy word of the day:
Appeal - make a serious or urgent request, typically to
the public
•
police are appealing for information about the incident
On a piece of paper answer: What are some ways that
you can convince other people of your opinion? How
do you persuade someone? How do you get them to
believe you?
Homework
Find a song that you like. The song should be appropriate for
school (minimal cursing, appropriate topic and theme)
Identify components of pathos, logos, and ethos in the song
by creating a key and color coding the different parts of the
song.
Your song must have at least two examples of each appeal in
order to receive credit.
Finish reading letter from Birmingham Jail
Due Friday at the start of class.
Reminder: Memoirs are due April 20 by 5:00
Rhetorical Devices
Liscinsky 4-12-12
AIM
I will define logos, pathos and ethos in order to identify
the examples of each in the first two pages of Martin
Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail
Standard
RI.9-10.6. Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text and
analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.
RI.9-10.9. Analyze seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary
significance (e.g., Washington’s Farewell Address, the Gettysburg Address,
Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech, King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”),
including how they address related themes and concepts.
Rhetorical Triangle
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
What is Rhetoric?
Plato: Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by
discourse."
Aristotle: Rhetoric is "the faculty of discovering in any
particular case all of the available
means of persuasion.
Rhetoric is the art of speaking or writing effectively
The goal of argumentative writing is to persuade your
audience that your ideas are valid, or more valid than
someone else's. The Greek philosopher Aristotle divided
the means of persuasion, appeals, into three categories:
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
Ethos - Credibility
The speaker establishes his authority
For example: a good reputation, listing qualifications
This establishes trustworthiness
Conveyed through tone and style
Pathos - Emotional
Pathos appeals to an audience’s sense of identity, their self-interest,
their emotions.
Many consider pathos the STRONGEST of appeals
Pathos appeals to us because we naturally bend towards what is in our
best interest or the interests of groups we identify with
We like when writers or speakers flatter us
We connect emotion with judgement
A negative paper will try to arouse anger
Direct appeals DO NOT WORK
You cannot say, “Now you should be crying”
Logos - Logic
Logos is the logic used to support a claim
Uses facts and statistics to support the argument
Can use definitions, analogies or comparisons, cause
and consequences, rely on testimony or other
authorities by citing evidence or opinions of experts
Review!
B. Logic
Logos appeals to:_________________
A. Emotions
Pathos appeals to:_________________
C. Credibility
Ethos appeals to:__________________
A. emotions
B. logic
C. credibility
Summary of Definitions
These elements MUST work together to create a strong argument!
Logos
•Logos-facts, data, statistics of the
message. The logos is the information
presented as fact (it might not be, but
usually is). Often, logos uses numbers.
•Ethos-credibility or character as a reflection
of the communicator. Often, ethical appeals
are based on trust and community.
•Pathos-emotions of the audience.
Emotional appeals might inspire patriotism,
happiness, sadness, anger, and other
emotions in the audience
Pathos
Ethos
Letter From Birmingham
Jail
Non-fiction; letter
What (genre)
Why
(purpose)
When
Where
Who
To persuade the nation of the injustice of
racism
April 16, 1963
Birmingham, Alabama
Who
Author:
Author: Martin Luther King
Audience:
Audience: The clergymen, the people
of America
How - Logos, Pathos, and
Ethos
MY DEAR FELLOW CLERGYMEN
Example of ETHOS
King puts himself on the same level as the clergymen
While confined here in the Birmingham city jail,
Example of PATHOS
Appeals to our fear that we will not be free men
If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my
secretaries would have little time for anything other than such
correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no
time for constructive work
Example of LOGOS
King explains that logically he cannot respond to every
piece of hateful mail he receives because he would have
no time to do his work
You try...
With your table group discuss the following passage.
Find an example of pathos, logos, and or ethos in the
excerpt. There may be multiple appeals represented.
Be able to explain your answer.
But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and
that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to
answer your statements in what I hope will be patient and
reasonable terms.
But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and
that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to
answer your statements in what I hope will be patient and
Green: Ethos
reasonable terms.
Blue: use of an appeal to logic or logos
Independent Practice
Individually you will now finish identifying examples of
logos, pathos, and ethos in Letter from Birmingham
Jail.
Choose three different colored pencils and create a
key on your paper that matches a color with an appeal
just like in the examples
Ex. Logos - Blue, Pathos - Red, Ethos - Green
Underline each example in its respective color