Chapter 2, Lesson 4
The End of Slavery
Mr. Julian’s 5th Grade Class
Essential Question
• What were some of the
challenges the country faced in
the years following the Civil
War?
Places
• Washington, D.C.
People
• Andrew Johnson
• Hiram R. Revels
• Blanche K. Bruce
Vocabulary
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Assassination
Reconstruction
Thirteenth Amendment
Black codes
Freedman’s Bureau
Fourteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
Vocabulary
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Impeachment
Jim Crow laws
Segregation
sharecropping
A New President
• After being shot, President
Lincoln died the next morning
April 15, 1865 in Washington,
D.C.
• He was assassinated by a
southerner, John Wilkes Booth.
• Vice President Andrew Johnson
became the president.
A New President
• President Johnson tried to carry
out Lincoln's plan of
Reconstruction.
• One of the first steps was to
end slavery with the Thirteenth
Amendment, which took place
on December 18, 1865.
A New President
• Johnson made a plan for the
southern states to return to the
Union.
• By the end of 1865, Johnson felt
reconstruction was over.
• His plan allowed Black Codes
which denied African Americans
many rights and freedoms.
A New President
• Many in congress were unhappy
with Johnson’s plan and they
felt he went to easy on the
south.
• Congress developed their own
plan of reconstruction.
Reconstruction Under
Congress
• Congress sent troops into the
South to establish order and to
enforce laws.
• Southern states, in order to
return to the Union, had to write
new state constitutions giving
African American men the right
to vote.
Reconstruction Under
Congress
• The Freedman’s Bureau was
established to help the 4 million
former slaves.
• They built hospitals and schools
for blacks and hired both black
and whites as teachers.
• African Americans like Hiram R.
Revels and Blanche K. Bruce
were elected to Congress.
Reconstruction Under
Congress
• Southerners resented the new laws
passed by Congress.
• Many were angered by Northerners
moving to the south opening
businesses. They were called
carpetbaggers because they often
carried their belongings in rolled-up
pieces of carpet.
Reconstruction Under
Congress
• Leaders also raised taxes to
build roads and schools.
• Many could not pay these high
taxes and were forced to sell
their homes and farms.
• Southerners were also very
upset at the rights that African
Americans were gaining.
Reconstruction Under
Congress
• Some Southerners formed the
Ku Klux Klan or KKK, to restore
white control over African
American lives.
New Amendments
• Before being allowed back into
the Union states had to pass the
Fourteenth Amendment which
gave citizenship to everyone
born in this county and pass the
Fifteenth Amendment which
gave the right to vote to all men.
New Amendments
• Sojourner Truth pointed out that
women had as much right to vote as
men but the amendment did not
allow women that right.
• President Johnson was against both
the 14th and 15th amendments.
• Congress tried to impeach Johnson
for his actions.
Reconstruction Ends
• The Union was back together
again!
• Laws were passed giving rights
to African Americans and
Congress’ plan had been
accomplished.
• Reconstruction ended when the
last Union troops left the South in
1877.
Reconstruction Ends
• After reconstruction, white
Southern Democrats took back
control in the state
governments.
• They made laws which
restricted rights given to
African Americans.
Reconstruction Ends
• Jim Crow laws were passed.
• These laws allowed for
segregation or a separation of
blacks and whites.
• Many African Americans had no
jobs and no one was willing to hire
them. Needing a job many
returned to the plantations looking
for work.
Reconstruction Ends
• Many became trapped in a system
called sharecropping.
• Sharecroppers rented land from the
land owner and then repaid the rent
when the crops were brought to
market.
• Typically, the rent was more than
the crops value trapping these
families into working to pay off
their debt.
Timeline
• April 1865 – President Abraham
Lincoln was assassinated.
• December 1865 – The Thirteenth
Amendment was adopted, abolishing
slavery in the United States.
• March 1867 – Congress passed the
first Reconstruction Act, sending
military forces to the former
Confederate States.
Review Question
• What were some of the
challenges the country faced in
the years following the Civil
War?