Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Mrs. Sophia Caramagno
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Please do not talk at this time
Jan 27
HW: Finish Notes for Chapter 11, Sec 4 (pg. 83A) any style and
reading on Core and Periphery (Pg 82A).
Please get out your Congo DBQ
handouts. We will now finish our
Congo Discussion.
King Leopold’s Rule
Essential Question: How
did the Belgians treat the
native Congolese in the
Congo Free State?
Legacy of a Forgotten Holocaust
Listen to the yell of
Leopold's ghost,
Burning in Hell for his handmaimed host.
Hear how the demons
chuckle and yell
Cutting his hands off, down
in Hell
--The Congo, by Vachel
Lindsay
• 1904 Casement Report
– 1908, under pressure from
Europe and US, Leopold
gives up Congo
• 10 million Congolese killed
in the brutality
• New race for colonies in
Africa between France,
Britain, Italy, Portugal, and
Spain
• UN commission named the
Congo the least developed
nation in the world this year
– Genocide and mutilation
remain in Africa to this very
day
The Heart of Darkness
“The vilest scramble for
loot that ever disfigured
the history of the human
conscience”—Joseph
Conrad
Please Turn in your Congo
papers and get a handout
on Core and Periphery in
India (Pg. 82A)
Please Note:
• You will have a research Project
and essay assignment this unit
comparing Imperialism in India and
China. It is important that you do
these notes on India well so that
you have the info you need for your
essay.
Review these vocab words for today’s reading
• Core- at the center
• Periphery- in the outskirts, opposite of core, at the edge
• Subsistence Farming- Growing food to eat yourself
• Cash Crop- Growing a plant to sell, like cotton or tobacco, that
cannot be eaten
• 1st world countries- The industrialized nations, mostly North
America, Europe, and Japan
• 3rd world countries- Nations that have not yet fully
industrialized or do not control the industry in their own
countries, most of Africa and the Middle East, Most of South
Asia, Parts of South America
As you read this paper on Core and
Periphery on your own today…
• Underline the information in each paragraph that
answers the question in BOLD. Then…draw a
picture, image or symbol on the side to show
your answer.
What are the main points?
• England took over India and China for
raw materials and new markets.
• England made them grow only cash
crops like cotton.
• England tore down Indian factories and
made them buy English manufactured
goods.
• When drought hit, England refused to
help.
• 30-50 Million people died of starvation
because of English policies.
Estimated Famine Deaths
in India
Year
Number of deaths
1876-1879
6.1-10.3 million
1896-1902
6.1-19.0 million
Total
12.2-29.3 million
Statistics from Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the
Third World (London: Verso, 2001), p. 7.
De-Industrialization in India
India’s Share of World Manufacturing Output
1750
1830
1900
24.5%
17.6%
1.7%
Did India’s economy benefit from being a
British colony? (use your prior
knowledge to answer this fully)
Statistics from Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the Third
World (London: Verso, 2001), p. 294.
Core and Periphery as Social Studies Terms
• Core – industrialized
nations like Great
Britain, America,
Germany, and Japan
• Periphery (Peripheral)
– countries that
provided raw materials
to the industrialized
nations; very slow to
begin industrializing
themselves
Core
(Great Britain)
Periphery
(India, Egypt)
Analysis:
“A key thesis of this book is that what we today call the “third
world” is the outgrowth of income and wealth inequalities –
the famous “development gap” – that were shaped most
decisively in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, when
the great non-European peasants were initially integrated
into the world economy…By the end of Victoria’s reign…the
inequality of nations was as profound as the inequality of
classes. Humanity had been irrevocably divided. And the
famed “prisoners of starvation,”…were as much modern
inventions of the late Victorian world as electric lights,
Maxim guns and “scientific” racism.”
-Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts
What claim is Davis making?
Who or what does he say is responsible for the
creation of the 3rd world countries?
Please do not talk at this time
Jan 28
HW: Finish Chapter 12, Sec 1 (pg. 84A) Notes, any way you want.
Please get out your Chapter 11.4
Notes from yesterday and a new piece
of paper.
Tell your partner: What new
information did you get about the
English in India from the reading?
A Life
of
Leisure,
Wealth
and
Privilege!
Indian Exports:
British Opium Warehouses,
Cotton Plantations and Tea
Estates- The Wealth of India.
These cash crops made
England rich and left India
starving.
English
Imports:
The English
bring
technology to
India, like
trains and the
telegraph.
They also
import
English style
schools and
European
style
government
and business
practices
Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s
Multicultural
India
3 Religions Dominate:
British are Christian
Indians are mostly
Hindu, or Muslim
Hindu
Under Christian
Control
Muslim
Each religion has its
own ideas, practices,
traditions and taboos.
The British don’t
respect any of it.
Sepoys,
1850s
The English hire Indians to work in
their army. They train these men in
English fighting techniques and in
the use of English weapons.
The English also completely ignore
the culture of these men. They do
not respect their culture or customs.
Sepoy Crisis!
• British introduce a new rifle that uses pig
and cow fat.
• Cows are sacred to Hindus.
• Pigs are forbidden to Muslims.
• Both groups fear for their immortal souls if
they use the guns.
• The British ignore the concerns of these
soldiers and actually shoot the ones who
complain as traitors.
The Sepoy Mutiny: 1857
Areas of the Sepoy
Mutiny,
1857
 Intense violence occurs on
both sides.
 Both the British and the
Indians go after women and
children and other non
combatants.
 Blood, literally, runs in the
streets.
 Only clever use of the
telegraph allows the British to
win the day.
The Seige of Lucknow
Execution of Sepoys:
“The Devil’s Wind”
Results of the Sepoy Mutiny1877: Queen Victoria Becomes
“Empress of India”. British
Government Takes Over Running
India
This Period is Known as The Raj
British East India Company in
Disgrace
Average English Citizens Horrified By
the Violence
Indian Independence Movement
Begins in India
Now to China!
• Please get out a new piece of paper and
title it: Imperialism in China, Pg 84A
• You will start these notes in class and
finish them for homework using Chapter
12, Sec. 1.
The Canton system of Trade: Canton as the
gateway to Chinese trade
Europeans were desperate
to trade with China, but
bad relations had caused
the Chinese to pass laws
saying the Europeans
could only trade with one
city, Canton.
The Chinese would sell goods to Europe, but would only accept silver
and gold in exchange. They found European goods to be inferior to their
own. Europe, especially England, was losing money fast!
Trade with China: Tea, Porcelain, Silk
Selling Opium to the Chinese…
• The British need a product they can
trade to the Chinese in exchange
for tea, silk and porcelain.
• Opium is addictive. If you get
hooked, you will trade ANYTHING
for your next hit.

The British can grow
opium in India and
sell it in China for
goods AND gold!
Soon…
• Vast sections (some say as
many at 12 million people)
of the Chinese coastal
population are addicted to
Opium.
• Addicts will do anything to
get their next fix (opium
isn’t just addictive, once on
the drug, death will result if
you quit)
• From government officials
to peasant workers, China
is overwhelmed by a drug
plague.
Commissioner Lin and the Successful
Suppression of Opium
Commissioner Lin is put in charge of solving the
problem by the Chinese Government. He is
given great power and authority and uses it to
outlaw all opium. The Chinese could no longer:
Transport opium
Sell opium
Have opium
Use opium
On Pain Of Death!
He even wrote a letter to
Queen Victoria, asking
her to be reasonable.
Commissioner Lin
Burning Opium in the fields
Please do not talk at this time
Jan 29/30
HW: Work on your India/China DBQ
Please get out your Chapter 12.1
Notes from yesterday and a new piece
of paper.
Tell your partner: What new
information did you get about the
English in China from the reading?
The Opium Wars: China fights back!
“The most disreputable Wars Britain ever fought”
Gladstone
-
• Lin seizes all the Opium in
China and has it thrown into
the sea or burned.
• The British lose millions of
dollars in drugs overnight.


The British know they have better
ships and better technology than
the Chinese.
They attack the Chinese and start
the 1st, then 2nd Opium Wars.
Results: Unequal
Treaties
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The British win BOTH Opium Wars.
Treaty of Nanjing: 1842
Convention of Beijing: 1860
China looses land and control of trade ports
China pays millions of dollars in reparations (a fine for losing)
China grants Extraterritoriality- British Law for British citizens in
China
And the Most Favored Nation Clause- First trade rights guaranteed
to the British.
Opium is Legalized!
Foreigners are allowed to travel deep into the heart of China
Chinese laborers allowed to emigrate overseas (meaning they can
go to California as virtual slave labor to build our trans-continental
railroad for pennies.)
Advisory Day!
Please get out your course selection
sheet that you got this morning.
We will talk about your options for next
year!
See Advisory Day PPT
PPT on Social Studies
Options for Next Year
Please do not talk at this time
Jan 31
HW: No HW! Have fun at Winter Ball
Please get out your India/China DBQ
papers…
We will be working on this packet all
day and I will be continuing to talk to
people.
Work Time
• While you work on your India/China
DBQ today and Friday, I will be
talking to individual students about
selecting classes for next year.
• Sign up on the board if you want to
talk to me about your options.
Imperialist Experience in
India and China DBQ
• This is a special DBQ. It is designed to help you
write a Compare and Contrast essay about India and
China during Imperialism.
• As you answer the questions for each document,
think about how India and China are the same and
different during this time.
• This will help you later when you prepare for your
essay.
• This is also a kind of mini research project since you
get to pick what you will talk about in your essay.
• It is practice for your big WWI research project in the
spring!
Please get a packet for yourself and set up
an answer sheet as
India/China DBQ, Pg. 85A.
• Read the documents in this packet and answer
the questions under each primary source.
• Think about what information is revealed and
how it connects to what you already know.
• Keep in mind how the experiences of the Indians
and the Chinese were similar and different
during this time.
If you finish early…
• Get a Venn Diagram Chart Paper and
start filling it out for information that is
similar and different between India
and China during Imperialism.
• Use your notes and the DBQ.
• Record actual quotes and statistics
(with source info) whenever possible!
• Pg 82A: Core and Periphery
Handout
• Pg 83A: Chapter 11, Sec 4 Cornell
Notes
• Pg 84A China Notes and Notes for
Chapter 12, Sec. 1
• 85A-C India/China DBQ and Venn
Diagram Chart
Look at pg. 90A- Chapter 11.4 Cornell
Notes
• Tell your partner what you know
about Imperialism in India and then
listen to what they have to say.
• Then based on what you know about
Imperialism in Africa and India, make
a Vocab Word Map for Imperialism.
• Pg. 92A Imperialism: control by
one country of the political, economic
or cultural life of another country
Word Map For: Imperialism
1. Glossary Definition
control by one country of the
political, economic or cultural life
of another country
Versions of the Word
Imperial, Empire
4. My Definition
when one country takes over
another country and rules over it.
2. Examples




Spanish colonies in the Americas
British colonies in the India,
Africa
French and Dutch colonies in
Africa
French colonies in Southeast
Asia
3. Related Words






colonialism
sovereignty
tyranny
cultural diffusion
oppression
industrialization
5. Graphic
Pg. 92A