PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE 1:
Part 1: Pavement Preservation
Idaho
Roads Scholar
Program
Learning Objectives
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Become familiar with terminology
Distinguish between preventive
and reactive repairs
Understand basic pavement
management concepts
 Monitoring
pavement condition
 Pavement life cycle
Issues
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What is pavement preservation?
What is preventive maintenance?
What is corrective maintenance?
When should these actions be taken?
Are these activities effective?
If so, then why doesn’t everyone have a
pavement preservation program?
Definitions
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Preventive Maintenance
Corrective Maintenance
Pavement Preservation
Pavement Rehabilitation
Preventive Maintenance
The planned strategy of cost effective treatments
to an existing roadway system and its
appurtenances that preserves the system,
retards future deterioration, and maintains or
improves the functional condition of the system
(without increasing structural capacity).
- AASHTO’s Standing Committee on Highways
Preventive Maintenance
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Planned
Performed on good
pavements
Contributes to longterm performance
Examples: Fog Seal,
Chip Seal, Thin HMA
Overlay
Corrective Maintenance
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Reactive
Performed on failing
pavements
Does not contribute to
long-term performance
Examples: Patching,
Pothole Repair
Pavement Preservation
The sum of all activities undertaken to provide
and maintain serviceable roadways; this
includes corrective maintenance and preventive
maintenance, as well as minor rehabilitation
projects
- National Highway Institute
Pavement Preservation
Corrective
Maintenance
+
Preventive
Maintenance
=
Pavement
Preservation
Pavement Rehabilitation
Work undertaken to extend the service life of an
existing pavement. This includes the
restoration, placing an overlay, and/or other
work required to return an existing roadway to
a condition of structural and functional
adequacy.
- National Highway Institute
Candidate for…?
Candidate for…?
Candidate for…?
Types of Maintenance Activities
Type
Planned?
Before
Deterioration?
Extends
Facility Life?
Routine
Yes
Not Necessarily
Sometimes
Reactive
(Demand)
No
No
Probably Not
Corrective
Generally
No
Sometimes
Preventive
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pavement Management
Concepts
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Pavement Life Cycle
Pavement Condition
Pavement Condition Index (PCI)
Pavement Serviceability Index
(PSI)
Critical “PCI”
Pavement Condition
Pavement Lifecycle
Time or Traffic
Pavement Condition

Pavement Condition can be rated using any
number rating systems, including:
 Pavement

PCI = 100 is New/Excellent and PCI = 0 is Failed
 Present


Condition Index (PCI)
Serviceablity Index (PSI)
PSI = 5 is New and PSI = 0 is Failed
Used in the AASHTO Design Methodology
 International

Roughness Index (IRI)
Rating is Inches/Mile and is automatically recorded
Pavement Condition
Index
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Corps of Engineers
Develop for Airfields
ASTM now has
standards for both
highways and airfields
Analyze Distresses
Type
 Severity
 Density

100
Excellent
85
Very Good
70
Good
55
Fair
40
Poor
Very Poor
Failed
25
10
0
Pavement Condition
Index
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Example:
Distress Type:
Weathering/Raveling
 Distress Severity:
Moderate
 Distress Density: 100% of
Surface
 PCI Deduct Value: 12pts
 Pavement Condition
Index: 88

100
0
Pavement Condition Index
Pavement Condition
PCI = 88
Time or Traffic
100
0
Pavement Condition Index
Pavement Condition
Critical PCI = 65 - 70
Time or Traffic
100
0
Pavement Condition Index
Critical PCI
Preventive
Maintenance
Critical PCI
Corrective Maint,
Rehabilitation, or
Reconstruction
Time or Traffic
Preventive Maintenance
Pavement Condition
Preventive
Maintenance
Time or Traffic
Pavement Condition
Corrective Repairs
Corrective
Maintenance/Repair
Time or Traffic
Rehabilitation
Pavement Condition
Rehabilitation
Time or Traffic
Reconstruction
Pavement Condition
Reconstruction
Time or Traffic
Philosophy of Pavement
Preservation
Applying the right treatment
. . . To the right pavement
. . . At the right time
Benefits of a Pavement
Preservation Program
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Higher customer satisfaction
Better informed decisions
Improved strategies and
techniques
Improved pavement condition
Costs savings
Increased safety
Better Informed
Decisions
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Program relies on proper treatment
selection and treatment timing
Need information to make
decisions
Successful programs have been
integrated with Pavement
Management Systems (PMS)
Improved Pavement
Condition
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Preventive maintenance helps to preserve a
pavement and extend its performance
Overall condition of network improves
 Fair,
Poor, and Failed Pavements are
reconstructed and returned to a high pavement
condition
 Excellent and Good Pavements are kept in high
condition
Pavement Condition
Pavement Condition
Preventive
Maintenance
Time or Traffic
% of Pavement Network
Effect of Pavement
Preservation
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% Poor
1994 Base
% Fair
1999 Worst First
% Good
% Excellent
1999 Preventive
Cost Savings
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Most persuasive argument for
shifting to preventive maintenance
strategies
Forms of cost savings
 Less
expensive treatments
 Longer pavement life
 Reduction of user delay costs
Cost Comparison of
Options
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Preventive maintenance: $10,270
Rehabilitation: $45,570
Reconstruction: $574,000
Use of PMS Information
Percent of Network
50
40
30
Current
20
Year 5
10
0
Failed
Poor
Fair
Good
Condition Rating (PCI)
Excellent
Increased Safety
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Safety is the #1 priority of users
Explicit benefits
 Improved
surface friction
 Fewer defects
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Implicit benefits
 Better
pavement condition
 Fewer and less disruptive repairs
Additional Benefits
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Agencies have a stable budget
Agencies have stable workforce
Contractors have stable workforce
Not affected by upswings and
downswings
Current Funding Status
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In the past, eligibility for Federal
funding required that the pavement
be improved structurally
Recent highway bills have changed
the way preventive maintenance is
funded
Challenges to
Implementation
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Agencies that have implemented a
preventive maintenance program
report extremely positive results.
Why isn’t everyone doing it?
Barriers, both real and perceived...
Public Perceptions
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Public averse to steering
maintenance dollars toward
pavements in good condition
Agencies more likely to receive
complaints about specific defects
than overall network
Need to educate the public about
new philosophy
Management
Perceptions
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Need commitment from
management to succeed
Maintenance not traditionally given
a high priority
Need to create awareness of
benefits
Personnel changes disrupt
continuity
Summary
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Anticipated benefits
 Higher
customer satisfaction
 Better informed decisions
 Improved strategies and
techniques
 Improved pavement condition
 Cost savings
 Increased safety
 Stability
Summary (cont’d)
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Challenges are
widespread
 Public
perception
 Management perception
So what is Pavement
Management ?
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Systematic method for routinely collecting,
storing, and retrieving decision-making data
needed to make maximum use of limited
dollars
It also creates a set of steps or computer
routines for quickly accessing the data to
arrive at educated decisions
Review



Become familiar with terminology
Distinguish between preventive
and reactive repairs
Understand basic pavement
management concepts
 Monitoring
pavement condition
 Pavement life cycle
Questions?