Unequal Opportunities
Chapter 5, Lesson 3
Mr. Julian’s 5th grade class
Essential Question
How did prejudice
and segregation
affect people’s
lives?
Places
Chicago, Illinois
Tuskegee, Alabama
People
Jack L. Cooper
W.E.B. Du Bois
Booker T. Washington
George Washington Carver
Ida Wells-Barnett
Vocabulary
Tenant
Enfranchise
Great Migration
The South after
Reconstruction
After the Civil War, the south was the
poorest part of the country until the
1930’s.
Many blacks and poor whites became
tenant farmers, or someone who pays rent
to use land or buildings.
The South’s poverty was due to the
destruction caused from the Civil War.
The South after
Reconstruction
Three institutions grew up in the South in a
reaction to the poverty and the lack of the
federal governments involvement.
1. Sharecropping
2. One-party politics
3. Racial segregation
Southern Democrats turned to the recently
enfranchised, or having the right to vote,
African Americans
Prejudice and
Segregation
Jim Crow Laws made segregation legal in
the south.
Not only African American faced prejudice
and segregation, in some areas Hispanics
also faced harsh treatment.
Chinese in the West faced brutal
treatment.
In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act became
law preventing Chinese immigration.
Prejudice and
Segregation
Different racial or ethnic groups were
segregated well into the 1900’s.
One way this happened was to limit
housing.
Great Migration
Many African Americans living in the South
began looking for a better life.
Northern newspapers told of better jobs
and homes for African Americans
Friends that had moved to the north also
told of a better life in the north.
A Chicago, Illinois newspaper, The Chicago
Defender, encouraged African Americans to
come to Chicago.
Great Migration
Many organizations tried to help those that
had recently arrived to the North.
Between 1915 and the 1940’s, more than a
million African Americans moved north.
This movement became know as the Great
Migration.
There were many jobs available in factories
in the north, especially when the United
States entered World War One in 1917.
Life in the North
Life in the North was not as welcoming as
many African Americans had hoped.
Many whites would refuse to rent to African
Americans so they were forced into
overcrowded neighborhoods.
There were many jobs for black workers
but they rarely would get promoted as
often as white workers.
Life in the North
Some did find a better life.
Jack L. Cooper created his own radio show,
becoming the first African American disc
jockey.
Most blacks earned more money and had
better lives than those that lived in the
South.
New Leaders Arise
African American leaders spoke out against
discrimination.
W.E.B. Du Bois, in 1909, helped form the
N.A.A.C.P. (National Association for the
Advancement for Colored People).
Booker T.Washington, in 1881, founded the
Tuskegee Institute, in Tuskegee, Alabama
George Washington Carver joined the staff
at Tuskegee
Others Join the Fight
Ida Wells-Barnett helped form an African
American newspaper.
She also tried to get voting rights for
African American women.
She also fought, and won, a battle to avoid
segregation in Illinois.
Timeline
1877 - Reconstruction ends
1909 - The NAACP is formed
1915 - The Great Migration Begins