Power of the Church,
Lay Investiture Conflict
and
Challenges to Church Authority
Power of the Church
Due to weak, decentralized political power
in Europe, the Church becomes a
powerhouse
The meaning of Gelasius’ quote and the
implications
Structure of the Church Hierarchy
Papa Curia c. 1100
Archbishops
Lay Clergy
_________________
Sacred Clergy
_________________
The Church as a unifying force
In what ways did the Church bring people
together?
Why was its presence so important to the
people of the Middle Ages?
What aspects of life did the Church not
control?
How did the Church maintain its control
over Europe?
Germany…in the Middle Ages
First, Germany is not a country
Second, Germany is not a nation
Germany is numerous regions that share a
Germanic ethnic heritage
For a map of Germany in 962 A.D. click
here
For a trip though time, and the changing
boundaries of Germany click here.
In the beginning…
936 –_______ became king of Germany, he
limited the nobles power by teaming up
with the ________.
962 – in reward of his service in protecting
the pope, Otto I became _____________
______________ (similar to Charlemagne)
Resentment grew between the__________
and the German rule.
The Lay Investiture Conflict
1075 – Pope Gregory VII banned ____________
Definition: the act in which a temporal, earthly ruler
appoints an official of the Church, namely bishops.
1075 – Henry IV, HRE (German), called a meeting and
sent a letter to the pope saying that he was not the
pope, but a false monk. HERESEY!
1076 – Pope Gregory VII ____________Henry IV,
Henry decides to beg for forgiveness after his nobles
sided with the pope.
Pope also released all of Henry’s vassals from their
feudal ______________
Henry defeated
1077 – Henry VI, powerless, travels to ________ to a
castle where the pope was staying.
Henry stood out in the snow with bare feet and wearing
a hair shirt crying for mercy and __________.
The ________ finally relents.
Henry then returns to Germany
Takes revenge on the ________
who abandoned him.
*What’s a hair shirt, you ask? It is a a shirt made of
rough animal hair worn next to the skin as a penance.
Think pig’s hair woven into a shirt.
The Compromise
1122 – The _______________, the
Church can choose its officials, but the
emperor can veto the selection.
The crucial compromise: Emperor gained
control of the ________side of the church,
but surrendered the spiritual.
Conflict is given attention across
___________.
Who has more power, Church or state?
Frederick and the Papacy
1152 – ___________ (Barbarossa) chosen
as the German king. He named his territory
the Holy Roman Empire.
Frederick invaded rich Italian cities
angering the pope who gained money from
the cities.
1167 – Creation of the _____________ in
order to fight against Frederick
The Battle
1176 – The Lombard League defeated Frederick I
at the___________________.
Mounted knights are __________for the first time
in history.
1177 – Frederick I makes peace with Alexander
III, the pope. Frederick’s power ________ in
Germany
1190 – Frederick I dies, fragmenting Germany
Why does Germany not unify during the Middle
Ages?