EUROTHERM
Life Sciences Solutions Group
AN INTRODUCTION TO S88
An Introduction to S88
CHICKEN CURRY WITH RICE
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An Introduction to S88
INGREDIENTS
• Rice
• Chicken Curry
– 1.6 Kg chicken
–400g basmati rice
– 6 garlic cloves
–100ml butter
– 4 medium sized onions
–1.5l water
– 5oml/ 2oz clarified butter
– 1.5ml/ 1/2tsp chilli powder
– 4 cardamom pods
– 3 cloves, salt
– 25mm/ 1 in cinnamon stick
– 150ml/ 5 fl oz natural yoghurt
– 10ml/ 2tsp white malt
– 10ml/ 2tsp sugar|
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An Introduction to S88
PREPARE CHICKEN CURRY
• Fry
– Add the butter to a large saucepan over medium heat
– When hot, add the onions and garlic and fry for 30 seconds
– Add chili powder, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, yoghurt,
vinegar,salt and sugar
– Stir for 60 seconds and add chicken
– Wait until all the liquid evaporates
• Simmer
– Add 100ml water to pan
– bring this to boil
– lower heat
– Simmer until oil separates from the gravy
– Serve with the rice
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An Introduction to S88
PREPARE RICE
• Soak
– Soak the rice in cold water for 1/2 hour ensuring rice is fully covered
• Boil
– Add water to a pan
– Bring to boil
– Drain the rice and add to the pan
– Boil for 10 minutes or until rice grains begin to expand and change their
texture
– Transfer the rice to a colander
• Simmer
– Add the butter and 10ml of water to the pan
– Heat until butter melts
– transfer half the mixture to a cup and the rice to the saucepan
– pour the butter mixture over the rice
– Cover the pan and simmer for 20 minutes on low heat
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An Introduction to S88
EQUIPMENT
• 2 Large saucepan or flameproof casserole
• Gas or electric cooker
• Measuring spoons
• Ladle
• wooden spoon
• Chopping board
• Sharp Knife
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An Introduction to S88
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An Introduction to S88
PROCESS DEFINITION
A process is a sequence of chemical, physical or
biological activities for the conversion, transport or
storage of material or energy.
A process can be classified as:
 Continuous process
Materials are passed in a continuous flow through processing equipment
 Discrete parts manufacturing processes
Products are classified into production lots. A specific quantity of product
moves as a unit
 Batch processes
Are the production of finite quantities of materials by subjecting input
materials to a defined order of processing actions using one or more
pieces of equipment.
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An Introduction to S88
PROCESS MODEL
Chicken curry with
rice
Process
Consists of an
ordered set of
Process
Stage
Is a part of a process that usually
operates independently from
other process stages.
Prepare chicken curry
Prepare rice
Process
Operation
Usually results in a chemical or
physical change in the material
being processed.
Fry
Simmer
Describe minor processing
activities those are combined to
make up a process operation.
Add butter
Heat
Consists of an
ordered set of
Consists of an
ordered set of
Process
Action
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An Introduction to S88
PHYSICAL MODEL
Process
Cell
Contains all the units, equipment
modules required to make one or
more batches.
Kitchen
One or more major processing
activities can be conducted in a
unit.
Large saucepan
Frying pan
Must contain
Unit
May contain
Equipment
Module
May contain
Control
Module
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Can carry out a finite number of
specific minor processing
activities such as dosing or
weighing.
Can be exclusive or shared use.
Is a collection of sensors or
actuators. One or more
combined.
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Enterprise
Cooker
Site
Area
Heat control knob
An Introduction to S88
PROCESS CELL CLASSIFICATION: by number of products
 Single product
Produces the same product in each batch.
Variations in procedures and parametres are possible.
 Multi product
Produces different products utilizing different methods of production or
control.
There are two possibilities:
- all products are produced with the same procedure using different
formula values (varying materials and/or process parameters)
- the products are produced using different procedures.
Variations in procedures and parametres are possible.
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An Introduction to S88
PROCESS CELL CLASSIFICATION: by physical structure
 Single path
Is a group of units through which a batch passes sequentially.
Several batches may be in progress at the same time.
 Multiple path
Consists of multiple single-path structures in parallel with no product
transfer between them.
 Network path
The paths may be either fixed or variable. The sequence may be
determined at the biginning or be totally flexible.
The units may share raw materials and product storage.
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An Introduction to S88
PROCEDURAL CONTROL MODEL
Procedure for making
Chicken curry with rice
Procedure
Consists of an
ordered set of
Unit
Procedure
Consists of an
ordered set of
Operation
Consists of an
ordered set of
Phase
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Is a ordered set of operations that
causes a contiguous production
sequence to take place in a unit.
Example: Polymerize, Dry
Procedure for making
chicken curry
Procedure for making
rice
Is a ordered set of phases that
defines a major processing
sequence involving chemical or
physiscal changes in materials.
Example: Preparation, React
Procedure for Fry
Procedure for Simmer
Accomplish a process-oriented task.
Example: Setting, Enabling, HMI
Procedure for Add
butter
Procedure for Heat
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An Introduction to S88
FUNCTIONALITIES FOR BATCH CONTROL
 Basic control
Comprises the control dedicated to establishing and maintaining a
specific state of equipment and process.
Includes control loop or interlocks, Triggers corrective actions, Responds
to operator commands.
 Procedural control
Directs equipment-oriented actions to take place in an ordered
sequence to carry out a proccess-oriented task. Is made up of
procedural elements:
procedure, unit procedure, operations and phases.
 Coordination control
Directs, initiates, and/or modifies the execution of procedural control and
the utilization of equipment entities.
Example: supervising availability and capacity of equipment, allocating
resources, arbitrating requests.
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An Introduction to S88
MODELS RELATIONSHIP
Procedural
model
Procedure(s)
Unit
Procedure(s)
Operation(s)
Phase(s)
Phase(s)
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Physical
Model
combined
with a
combined
with a
combined
with a
combined
with a
combined
with a
Provides process
functionality
to carry out a
Process
Cell(s)
Unit(s)
Unit(s)
Unit(s)
Equipment
Module(s)
Control
Module(s)
Provides process
functionality
to carry out a
Provides process
functionality
to carry out a
Provides process
functionality
to carry out a
Provides process
functionality
to carry out a
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Process
Model
Process
Process
stage
Process
Operation
Process
Action
Process
Action
An Introduction to S88
EXAMPLE OF PHYSICAL MODELLING
Process Cell
Unit
EM
Unit
EM
EM
EM
CM
CM
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CM
CM
CM
CM
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An Introduction to S88
EXAMPLE OF HOW TO STRUCTURE UNITS
PIC
conde ns azione
equipmentEM
module
C.W.
LIC
LIC
TIC
dos aggio
agitaz.
SIC
PIC
inertizzazione
N2
equipment
module
EM
FI
CM
control module
te rm ostatazione
TIC
Steam
TIC
C.W.
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An Introduction to S88
EXAMPLE OF CONTROL MODULES
CM4
CM2
CM1
D1
PID
D4
D3
PID
PID
CM3
D5
D2
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HIC
HIC
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An Introduction to S88
EXAMPLE OF CONTROL MODULES - DETAIL
Treating as a control module simplifies the interface to
this group of objects
Commands
Status
Circulate
Circulating
Pump to
Process
Pumping
to Process
Stopped
FO
Stop
Shutdown
Shutdown
FC
Pump
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An Introduction to S88
RECIPE DEFINITION
A recipe is an entity that contains the minimun set of
information that uniquely defines the manufacturing
requirements for a specific product.
Fundamental to the pratical application of recipes is the
concept that different parts of an enterprise may need
informations with different degrees of specificity and
detail.
The recipe contains neither scheduling nor equipment
control.
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An Introduction to S88
RECIPE TYPES
Describe the
technique,
that is,
how to do in
principle
General Recipe
includes
Product specific
processing info
may be
transformed into
Site Recipe
includes
Site specific info
may be
transformed into
Describe the task,
that is,
how to do it with
the actual
resources
Master Recipe
Process Cell
specific info
includes
BatchID, in-process,
operator info
is the basis for
Control Recipe
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includes
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An Introduction to S88
RECIPE CONTENTS CATEGORIES
 Header
Comprises the administrative informations. (RecipeId, productID, version)
 Formula
Includes process inputs, process parameter and process outputs.
 Equipment requirements
Constrain the choice of the equipment that will eventually be used to implement a
specific part of the procedure.
In the general and site recipe E.r. are specified in general terms.
In the master and control recipe E.r. specifies allowable equipment in process
cells.
Control recipe may be used to include specific allocations of process cell
equipment (reactor R-221).
 Recipe procedure
Defines the strategy to carry out a process.
In general and site recipe R.p. are structured using levels defined in the process
model.
In the master and control recipe R.p. are structured using the procedural
elements of the procedural control model, since these have a relationship to
equipment.
 Other information
As regulatory compliance, safety, flow diagrams, labelling information
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An Introduction to S88
GENERAL (SITE) RECIPE PROCEDURE
General Recipe
Procedure
Functionality
corrisponds to
Process
Chicken curry with
rice
Consists of an
ordered set of
General Recipe
Process Stage
Consists of an
ordered set of
General Recipe
Process Operat.
Provides process
functionality
to carry out a
Process
Stage
Prepare chicken curry
Prepare rice
Provides process
functionality
to carry out a
Provides process
functionality
to carry out a
Process
Operation
Fry
Simmer
Consists of an
ordered set of
General Recipe
Process Action
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Process
Action
22
Add butter
Heat
To be completed
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An Introduction to S88
MASTER (CONTROL) RECIPE PROCEDURE
Recipe
Procedure
Recipe for making Chicken curry
with rice
Consists of an
ordered set of
Recipe Unit
Procedure
Recipe for making chicken curry
Recipe for making rice
Consists of an
ordered set of
Recipe
Operation
Recipe for Fry
Recipe for Simmer
Consists of an
ordered set of
Recipe
Phase
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Add butter
Heat
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