M. Nazmul Haq
Professor, IER,
University of Dhaka
Write three activities of young children that are
most expected at school for their development
Brainstorm in your group and write them
in a flash card in bigger fonts
Children grow steadily
in size and temperament.
Psychological development
occurs through maturation
and daily interaction with
environment
When a child grows physical and
psychological changes take place
 These changes are:
 Physical growth: Grow bigger
 Cognitive development: Learn about object or count
 Motor development: Manipulation, balance and
movement
 Personal – social development: Shares with others
 Adaptive (non-verbal) development: Gestures
 Communication and language development:
conversation with others
Development brings change in the structure of brain
Movement
Thinking &
problem
solving
solving
Vision
Speech &
hearing
At birth
At 3 months
At 3 years
At 14 years
Development of a child is directly
linked with two aspects
 Proper nutrition
 Nutrition keeps the child healthy and free from diseases
 It can be obtained from daily meals and seasonal fruits
 Appropriate stimulation
 Makes the child’s life potential for future success
 Stimulation can be obtained from home, school and
community
Stimulation
 Stimulation is the engagement of a child in various
developmental activities
 It is the opportunity for a child to develop with:
 Good physical and mental health
 Sound emotional state
 Socially stable environment
 Success in school and community
 Child’s future largely depends on sufficient
stimulation in the first five years of life
Windows of
Opportunity
• Opportunity of
play
• Opportunity
to be creative
• Exposure to
art and music
• Opportunity to
learn
Opportunity of Play
 Play is as basic and as pervasive a
natural phenomenon as sleep
 play shapes our brains, creates our
competencies, and guides our
emotions
 Play is most conducive to improve
motor skills, learning ability,
imagination and educational
attainment in infancy and childhood
Types of play
 Solitary play
 Onlooker play
 Parallel play
 Associative play
 Cooperative play
Solitary play
 Where children play with toys by themselves,
independently
 Not influenced by others
 Does not tend to approach others
 Solitary play helps a child to be thinker
Onlooker play
 Where children observe others at play
 Frequently talk to the children and make suggestions
but do not join
 Solitary and onlooker play are also known as nonsocial
play (mostly occurs among 2-3 years olds)
 Onlooker play helps a child to be social
Parallel play
 Where children play with toys similar to those of
surrounding children
 But use toys in their own ways
 Do not have direct interaction with other children
 Parallel play develops the capacity of designing
something new
Associative play
 Where children interact and share toys
 But do not share group goals
 Sometime toy selection is independent
 Associative play enhances the communication skill
Cooperative play
 When children interact to achieve common group
goals and share things with others
 The child follows instruction of other child
 Observe division of labour with other
 Pretend to be a member of a family, animal, monster
 Parallel play, associative play and cooperative play are
the types of social play
 Cooperative play develops sociability in children
Teaching with play
 Devise some new ways to teach a subject
 Engage children in competition mode
 Help children to be involved in action to learn new
things
 Allow children in free play between two classes or prior
to any serious work
Materials needed to be playful
 Paper
 Wood blocks
 Pencil /Pen
 Building blocks
 Crayon
 Wood scrap/Sand
 Marker
 Recycle materials
 Cardboard
 Wood logs
 Glue
 Jute/Cotton/Rug
 Adhesive tape
 Thread/String/Wire
 Blue tag /Clay
 Knife/Scissor
Group Work:
Imagine a play for teaching
 Geography
 History
 Science
 Literature
 Culture
Creativity
It is the urge or
capacity of a
person to
produce
something new
or novel
Should it be a
part of
curriculum ?
Characteristics
of creativity
Creativity is not a
gift but an ability
that can be
acquired and
nurtured
 Creative child is
independent
 Self-confident
 Courageous
 Intuitive
 Optimistic and
 Able to take risk
How to support creativity
 Never criticize any unproductive or naïve response
 Put problem with an expectation of something new
 Accept anything with flexibility and originality but
give more credit to originality
 Give time and scope for incubation
 Finally show your interest in creativity
Some methods to support creativity
 Instruction to be imaginative and creative
 Brainstorming
 Project work
 Discovery learning
 Role play
 Drawing/painting
 Music
 Mime
Play and Creativity
Play
Creativity
 Play helps children to
have fun and learn
 Creativity provides
children to grow mature
 Play is essential to be
perfect
and contributing
 Creativity encourages
leadership to acquire
 Creativity is the key to
excel
 Play opens the door for
future development
If you want your children prosper
Allow them play and engage in creativity
Group work
 Divide into three groups and identify at
least five topics of any subject of your
interest. Develop appropriate play based
lesson (i.e., how your would teach that
subject with the help of play. Explain your
teaching approach on a poster paper)