Integrating Engineering Activities
into Elementary Science
Bob Claymier
STEM is Elementary
www.stemiselementary.com
Emodo: k98y8
Goals of the Workshop
• Why is STEM literacy important in the elementary grades?
• How is the engineering design process used to teach a
STEM lesson?
• How do the engineering and scientific processes work
together in designing a solution to a problem?
• What resources are available for elementary STEM?
2
What is Technological Literacy?
The use, management, understanding
and assessment of technological
products and processes.
3
What should a technologically literate
person know and be able to do?
http://www.cspnet.com/
Make well-informed choices in her role
as a consumer
What should a technologically literate
person know and be able to do?
AFP Photo /
Justin Tallis
Understand technological issues In order to
make educated political decisions
What should a technologically literate
person know and be able to do?
Understand technology’s impact on the
environment, the economy, society and her
personal life
What should a technologically literate
person know and be able to do?
ISTOCKPHOTO / DAMALONEY
Understand that science and technology are the
foundation of our economic strength.
What should a technologically literate
person know and be able to do?
spectrum.ieee.org
Be more comfortable with and better prepared
for new technologies that her job will demand
What 21st Century Skills could be taught by STEM?
Through STEM Literacy,
Students:
www.flindersaccounting.com
Become risk-takers, see something that didn’t work
as an as opportunity
Through STEM Literacy,
Students:
www.pinterest.com
More easily grasp abstract concepts and processes
Through STEM Literacy,
Students:
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Can apply a variety of learning styles
Through STEM Literacy,
Students:
fis-pyp-wiki.wikispaces.com
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Transfer learning to several subjects and
contexts
Through STEM Literacy, Students:
constructivisminelt.wikispaces.com
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Become critical, divergent thinkers and
“construct” their own knowldege
By Teaching through STEM
Integration, Teachers:
www.husson.edu
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Become facilitators, not centers of learning
By Teaching through STEM
Integration, Teachers:
Develop technical reading, writing, and
communication in students
Can integrate STEM into many subjects
and themes
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By Teaching through STEM
Integration, Teachers:
Can meet varying student learning styles
Can encourage new “stars” in the classroom
Can make learning meaningful and
engaging
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What is a STEM lesson?
• Problem Solving
•
Engineering
Design Process
•
Redesign
• Construction
• Integration
• Authentic
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Learning
Paper Engineering: Linkages
O
U
T
P
U
T
= fixed point
= movable point
I
N
P
U
T
Paper Engineering: Linkages
O
U
T
P
U
T
= fixed point
= movable point
I
N
P
U
T
Other Linkages
OUTPUT
INPUT
I
N
P
U
T
OUTPUT
= fixed point
= movable point
I
N
P
U
T
INPUT
OUTPUT
NGSS and Ohio Science Standards
NGSS
3-LS4-2 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity
Use evidence to construct an explanation
for how the variations in characteristics
among individuals of the same
species may provide advantages in
surviving, finding mates, and reproducing
22
NGSS and Ohio Science Standards
Ohio Academic Standards for Science
K: Physical and Behavioral Traits of Living Things
K: Living things have physical traits and behaviors,
which influence their survival.
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Designing a STEM Lesson:
Paper Engineered Animals
Paper Engineered Animals
Design Brief
Challenge:
Create a paper model animal with at least one
moving body part and explain how that body part
helps the animal survive
Paper Engineered Animals
Design Brief
Criteria
•
Design must have at least one moving body part
•
Body part must be used by the animal to help it survive
Constraints
•
Model must be no larger than 12” x 12”
•
Model must be made of only provided materials
Paper Engineered Animals
Design Brief
Materials:
• Cardstock
• Brad paper fasteners
• Hole punch
• Scissors
• Drawing materials (pencils, crayons)
27
What is the Engineering Design Process?
Engineering is
Elementary
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What is the Engineering Design Process?
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www.eie.org
Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
1. Ask - Students identify the problem by:
– restating the problem
– Identifying criteria (requirements) and
constraints (limits) for the project
– Identify intended audience or client and
method of presentation
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Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
2. Imagine - Students investigate the problem by:
- Asking questions
– What structures do animals have and use?
– How can I model that structure?
- Doing research
- How do animals move and eat?
- What are some linkages models?
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Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
2. Imagine - Students investigate the problem by:
www.langevin.com
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Brainstorming
Other Linkages
OUTPUT
INPUT
I
N
P
U
T
OUTPUT
= fixed point
= movable point
I
N
P
U
T
INPUT
OUTPUT
Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
3. Plan - Students begin solving the problem by:
– Choosing a final solution
– Sketching the design
– Gathering materials
– Checking the design against the criteria
and constraints
34
Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
3. Plan - Teacher:
– Checks design and materials
– Uses questioning techniques to help students
rethink design before construction
35
Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
4. Create - Students:
– Build the design
– Test the design
– Observe and collect data on the design
36
Using the Design Process to Guide the Lesson
5. Improve - Students present and modify
the solution by:
– Presenting the solution to their audience
– Receiving feedback on the design
– Modifying the design based on the feedback
37
Paper Engineering:
Other Curriculum Connections
Language Arts:
• Following directions
Social Studies
• Structures
• Journal writing
• Inventions
• Illustrating a story
Physical Education/Health
• How body joints works
• Levers in sports equipment
38
Paper Engineering: Science Concepts
• Force and motion- change of direction
• Properties of materials
• Input and output
• Animal structure and habitats; cell structure
• Illustrate natural cycles and changes
• Earth and Space (seasons, planets, weather, water,
landforms)
• Life cycles
• Chemical and physical changes
Paper Engineering:
Math, Technology, and
Engineering Skills and Concepts
Math
Engineering
• Measurement
• Applying math and science
• Symmetry
to solve a problem
• Geometric concepts
• Mechanical advantage
• Using the engineering
design process
Technology
• Meeting a want or need
Science and Engineering
Scientists use tools to learn about
the natural environment
Engineers use scientific discoveries and knowledge
to create new designs and solve problems
Engineering Design Process
Scientific
Inquiry
Tangient LLC
Scientific Inquiry vs. Engineering
Design
Scientific Inquiry
Engineering Design
State a question or problem about
the natural world
Gather information
Define a problem or need to be
solved in the human-made world
Gather information
Formulate hypothesis, identify
variables
Design experiment, establish
procedures
Test hypothesis multiple times
Establish design criteria
Analyze results, draw conclusions
Analyze results, verify, redesign
and retest
Present results
Present results
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Prepare preliminary designs
Build and test a prototype
Science and Technology
Science and Engineering
Science and technology
affect society and the environment
People make decisions that guide
science and engineering
Scientific Inquiry and the
Engineering Design Process
David Haury
Learning Science Through Design
Bernie Zubrowski
Integrating Science into Design Technology
Projects: Using a Standard Model in the
Design Process
46
Elementary STEM Resources
www.stemiselementary.com
47
Elementary STEM Resources
www.stemiselementary.com
48
April 17, 1 – 4 PM, Marion, OH
www.stemiselementary.com
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Elementary STEM Resources
www.tecchome.org
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Elementary STEM Resources
www.eie.org
51
Elementary STEM Resources
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Elementary STEM Resources
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http://www.snap-circuits.com/
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https://mymakedo.com
Elementary STEM Resources
www.kevaplanks.com
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Elementary STEM Resources
www.littlebits.cc
56
Elementary STEM Resources
http://www.nationalstemcentre.org.uk
https://nsdl.oercommons.org
57
References
Engineering is Elementary, Museum of Science,
Boston, The Difference Between Science and
Engineering. http://eie.org/eiecurriculum/resources/difference-betweenscience-and-engineering
58
References
Haury, David. Learning Science Through
Design. ERIC Digest, Clearinghouse for
Science, Mathematics, and Environmental
Education, October 2002
59
References
Zubrowski, Bernard. Integrating Science into
Design Technology Projects: Using a
Standard Model in the Design Process.
Journal of Technology Education,
Vol. 13 No. 2, Spring 2002
60
Goals of the Workshop
• Why is STEM literacy important in the elementary grades?
• How is the engineering design process used to teach a
STEM lesson?
• How do the engineering and scientific processes work
together in designing a solution to a problem?
• What resources are available for elementary STEM?
61
Bob Claymier
www.stemiselementary.com
62