Recognize the signs in:
• Yourself
• As a Passenger
• Other Drivers
The National Road Safety Foundation,
Inc.
How much sleep did
you get last night?
How much should you have?
How much should a teenager have?
Would you believe 9 to 10 hours?
Did you know?
• 85% of adolescents get less than
recommended sleep on school nights
• 56% of teens report getting less sleep than
they need
• By 12th grade average sleep on school
nights is 6.9 hrs.
– By end of week sleep debt=10.5 hours
Good Sleep
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Healthier
Attractive
Taller
Stronger
Faster
More athletic
Smarter
NSF poll
• 28% fall asleep at least one time per week
• 22% fall asleep doing homework
• Less sleep
– Lower grades
– Depressed mood
• “A” Students
– Sleep 15 min more than B students
– 26 min more than C students
– 36 min more than D students
• Teachers were able to predict students sleep amounts by
academic and classroom behavior
Primary Symptoms of ADHD
• Hyperactivity
• Inattention
• Impulsivity
• Distractibility
• Difficulty concentrating
• Forgetful
• Difficulty waiting or taking
turns
Sleep Deprivation in Kids
• Hyperactivity
• Inattention
• Impulsivity
• Distractibility
• Difficulty concentrating
• Forgetful
• Oppositional behavior
• Moodiness and irritability
Did you know?
• It is estimated that at least 50% of kids
diagnosed with ADHD actually have sleep
disorder.
What happens when you don’t sleep?
Consequences of Sleep Deprivation
• Cognitive and social impairment
• Decreases ability to think
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Creative
Problem solving
Abstract thought
Decision making/judgement
• Mood and depression
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Reduced endurance
Increased risk seeking behavior
Impaired motor function
– Decreased coordination
– Blurred vision
– Prolonged reaction time
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Delayed visual reaction time
Delayed auditory reaction time
Fatigue vs. Alcohol
 17 hours sustained wakefulness produces
performance impairment = .08% BAC
 24 hours = .10% BAC (Dawson & Reid, 1997; Williamson &
Feyer, 2000).
Synergistic effect
 On 4 hours sleep, 1 beer can have the impact of a sixpack (Roehrs et al., 1994)
Hours of Sleep and Equivalent Blood
Alcohol Level for Sedative Effects
BrEC, %*
0.190
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.095
0.102
4
2
0.045
Legal Intoxication†
0.20
0.00
6
0
Sleep time (hours in bed)
*Approximate breath ethanol concentration (BrEC) at peak; †Above 0.05% for legal intoxication in many states.
N=32 healthy subjects without prior sleep deprivation and with 85% sleep efficiency. Sleep loss group (n=12)
was tested in all 4 conditions, with 3 to 7 days of recovery time between tests, and compared with ethanol group (n=20).
Roehrs T, et al. Sleep. 2003;26:981-985.
Why don’t you get enough sleep?
Not a priority
Not enough sleep
• Sleep just is not set as a priority
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School
Homework
Sports
Social life
Television
Internet
Etc all get in the way
They want to sleep, but aren’t able
• Their internal clock is shifted several hours
later.
– Bedtimes shifts to 11-1am
• Trying to go to bed at 10 is similar to adult trying to
go to bed at 8 pm
– Wake up times shift accordingly
• Shortened sleep time
Junk sleep
• 98.5% have at least one electronic device in
their bedroom (TV, Phone or mp3 player)
– 65% had all 3
– Greater number of items
• Less amount of sleep
• Greater amount of daytime sleepiness
Sleep Disorders
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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Restless Legs/Periodic Limb Movement
Parasomnias
Insomnia
– Stress/worry/body clock
Tips to help sleep
• Make sleep a priority!!!!!
• Establish regular sleep schedule and routine
– Encourage relaxing, non-alerting activity
• Read
• Write
• Avoid TV and PC
• Make Bedroom a NO gadget zone.
– Place recharging station in kitchen not bedroom.
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Avoid Caffeine.
Expose yourself to light in the morning.
Exercise, but not too close to bedtime.
Avoid late naps
What are signs
of Drowsy Driving?
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Difficulty focusing
Frequent blinking
Daydreaming at the wheel
Drifting from your lane
Swerving or tailgating
Can’t remember last few miles driven
Yawning and head snaps
Missing exits or traffic signs
Who drives drowsy?
Who Drives Drowsy?
 By age
 30-64, 52%
 65+, 19%
 18-29, 71%
 51% of adolescents who drive report that they have driven
drowsy in the past year
16% of 11th graders and 20% of 12th graders drive
drowsy once a week or more. *
* NSF's 2006 Sleep in America poll
Indicators of Typical
Drowsy Driving Crash
 Between midnight and 6:00 am
 Secondary peak in midafternoon
 Lone, Male driver
 A single vehicle drifts off the road
 Hits stationary object
 Or rolls vehicle
 Most are rear-end or head-on collisions
 Many involve serious injuries and/or fatalities
1995, Knipling &
 No severing or skid marks (Pack,
Wang 1995)
Drift-off crashes as Self
Report
 Driver ASLEEP, DROWSY - 82%
 Driver DISTRACTED
(As specified on 1043 reports)
- 18%
• This suggests that drivers are able to
accurately assess sleepiness while driving
but do not act accordingly
– Nabi, Et al 2006, BMJ
How do YOU stay awake while
driving?
Which of these work?
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Energy Drinks
Roll down the windows
Turn up the radio (49%)
Talk on cell phone (22%)
Change radio station, CD or MP3
Turn down the air conditioning
Sing along with the radio
Speed (11%)
Text Message (11%)
Countermeasures
• Watch for the warning signs of fatigue
– Co-pilot
• If sleepy
STOP DRIVING
• Take a 20-30 minute nap
• Consume at least 200 mg of caffeine prior
GET ENOUGH SLEEP!!!!!
• 75% of teens reported seeing their peers
driving while fatigued.
How you can help
• Tell everyone you know our story.
• Never Drive Drowsy.
• Visit TyREDD website or Facebook page. Share
the link and help spread the word.
• Never ride in a car with a Drowsy Driver.
• Plan ahead, get enough sleep, and recognize the
signs of Drowsy Driving
• Never Believe this won't happen to you….Tyler
Did now I am telling his story to save someone
else's life!