PURPOSE OF RESPIRATION
If you were to design an
efficient breathing system,
what would the
requirements be?
'I lived in an iron lung for seven years'
By John Prestwich for CNN
Monday, November 14, 2005 Posted: 1600 GMT (0000 HKT)
CNN) -- John Prestwich was diagnosed
with polio at the age of 17 in 1955,
which made him paralyzed from the
chin down. He has spent 50 years on
an artificial ventilator, including seven
in an iron lung.
Iron lungs work on negative pressure. In
other words the iron lung is sealed and
attached to bellows, which lower the air
pressure inside the iron lung to create a
negative pressure
http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/11/10/john.prestwick/
PURPOSE OF RESPIRATION
If you were to design an
efficient breathing system,
what would the
requirements be?
•
•
•
•
What would a machine need to
do?
Collect new air
Get rid of old air
Hold/store air
Connect to body via transportation system
(circulatory system)
FUNCTION:
•  move oxygen from the outside
environment into the body
•  remove carbon dioxide from the
body
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
1.External respiration
2.Internal respiration
RESPIRATION
External= breathing
Between environment
and lungs
Internal
Between blood and cell
http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/body_cc4.html
EXTERNAL
RESPIRATION
AKA- BREATHING
RESPIRATORY
TRACT
Bronchi
TUBULAR
PASSAGEWAY
FOR AIR
Bronchioles
TRACHEA
DIAPHRAGM
Dome-shaped
muscle
attached to
rib cage that
contracts&
flattens out
during
breathing
Observe what happens
to the diaphragm.
Breathing – The Lungs
• Breathing animation video
•
http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf
Pay attention to the role of the
ribcage and the diaphragm and how
these creates a pressure difference
so breathing can take place.
"nature hates a vacuum"
http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html
BREATHING
Breathing in - inhaling
• Rib cage
– expands
• Diaphragm
– moves downward
• Pressure
– reduces inside lung
• Result – air is drawn into the lungs
Breathing out - exhaling
• Rib cage
– contracts
• Diaphragm
– moves upward / inward
• Pressure
– increases inside lung
• Result – air is pushed out of the lung
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
1.External respiration
2.Internal respiration
RESPIRATION
External
Between environment
and lungs
-inhale -exhale
Internal
Between blood and cell
http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/body_cc4.html
RESPIRATORY
TRACT
Bronchi
RESPIRATORY
TRACT
Epiglottis
Bronchi
TUBULAR
PASSAGEWAY
FOR AIR
Bronchioles
TRACHEA
Alveoli
CO2 and O2 exchanged at the same time
bronchioles
pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
vein
(deoxygenated
blood)
(oxygenated
blood)
alveolus
bronchioles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0
Respiration Video
TUBULAR
PASSAGEWAY
FOR AIR
Bronchioles
TRACHEA
Air Composition
Inhaled air




Nitrogen N2 – 79%
Oxygen O2 – 20%
CO2 – 0.04%
Others - 0.96%
Exhaled air




Nitrogen N2 – 79%
Oxygen O2 – 16%
CO2 – 4%
Others - 1%
INTERNAL RESPIRATION
AKA CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Between blood and cell
Breathing – The Alveoli
• Diffusion
– The movement of gas from an area of
high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html
http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html
DIFFUSION
Gaseous
exchange
requires:
HUMAN RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
• Large surface
• Thin Epithelium
• Ventilation
• Capillary network
millions of
alveoli
2-cell layer
maintains
diffusion
gradient
concentration
gradient
favors
diffusion
Gaseous Exchange
Alveoli – Capillary
Interface
Breathing – The Alveoli
Breathing in
To the
heart
Breathing out
high concentration
of oxygen
O2 O2
O2 O O2
2
low concentration
of carbon dioxide
From the
heart
CO2
CO2
low concentration
of oxygen
CO2
CO2
CO2
high concentration
of carbon dioxide
Diffusion
Thin membrane between
air and blood
Moist surface area
Permeable membrane
between air and blood
Large surface area
Association with rich
blood supply
Respiration
Food + Oxygen  CO2 + water + ENERGY
Glucose + O2  CO2 + water + ENERGY
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ENERGY
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
Cell Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
http://sdfs.ucps.k12.nc.us/images/Lungs.htm
Study Guide: Grade 8 Science – Breathing and Respiration
Content
Vocabulary
Mouth
Epiglottis
Larynx
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveolus
Capillaries
Diaphragm
Thorax
Abdomen
Pneumonia
Asthma
Bronchitis
Cancer
Emphysema
Glucose
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Inhale
Exhale
Respiration
•Be able to label the mains parts of the respiratory system.
•Know the gases in the air.
•Know the percentages of the gases in inhaled air.
•Know the percentages of the gases in exhaled air.
•Know where gas exchange takes place
•Understand the term diffusion
•Understand the role of diffusion in the exchange of gases
in the lungs
•Explain how the alveoli have developed to allow for the
exchange of gases.
•Understand the structures involved in the breathing process.
•Understand the role of pressure in the breathing process.
•Describe how the composition of the blood changes as it passes
through the lungs
•Know the structures affected, causes, symptoms, prevention and
treatment of various breathing disorders.
Note: Electronic copy saved in Student Resources Folder