INCREASE INNOVATION
AND RESEARCH WITHIN
SECURITY
ORGANISATIONS
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
Module IV
Creativity
improvement
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Innovating means what exactly?
Creative breathing
Suggestions of Creativity Strategies
Creativity Sessions
Key success factors & best practices
Added-value of INSEC project/Platform
References
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
2
Creativity improvement
Innovating means what exactly?
Creating
Inventing
Imagining
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
3
Creativity improvement
Creative breathing
Divergence/Convergence
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Asking the right questions
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Imagining
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Doing
Do one thing at a time!
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
4
Creativity improvement
Suggestions of Creativity Strategies
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ZEN
Itisnotpossibletoinnovateifwedon'tdevoteenoughtime
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PO
Innovationinvolvesprovocation,aconstantchallengingofconventionalismsanddominantideas
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OPEN
Whereistheremoretalent,insideyourorganisationorontherestoftheplanet?
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YOUR IDEA
FLOW
Knowinghowtothinkcreativelyiskeytoachievinginnovationprocesses.
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EMO
Itishardtoinnovatewithoutemotions.
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HAPPY
Youcandothingswithjustprofessionalismorwitharealpassion
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TEAM
Inordertoinnovateweneedtoreplacetheattitudeofblindcompetition
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
5
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions
Presentation of techniques and sessions that “open the mind” of the participants, helping them to “think out of
thebox” andtofinddisruptivesolutionstospecificproblems.
Why?
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To multiply disruptive points of view among employees.
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To manage and tackle individual temperaments against creativity.
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To neutralise typical organisational innovation antibodies.
YOUR IDEA
How?
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Orientation of creativity
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Preparation of sessions
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Implementation
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
6
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions
Examplesof CreativitySessionsTechniques
TO OPENMINDS
TO GENERATE IDEAS
TO VALUATEIDEAS
Six Thinking Hats
Ideart
Plus Minus Interesting
Serendipity
HallofFame
The Checkerboard
Prigogine’sants experiment
Brainstorming
The nine cross exercise
Brainwriting
MartianInterview
Analogy
Creativebreathing
Empathy
YOUR IDEA
Reformulation
Idea selection
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
7
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO OPEN MINDS
SIXTHINKINGHATS
It is a technique developed by Edward De Bono, a communication tool used worldwide to help resolve or analyse problems from
different viewpointsor perspectives. It is a frameworkfor thinking incorporating lateral thinking. DeBono proposes six hats of different
coloursrepresentingthesixdirectionsofthinkingweusewhenwefaceaproblem:
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WhiteHat:withthisthinkingweshouldfocusontheavailabledata.Seetheinformationwehaveandlearnfromit
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Red Hat: observe problems using intuition, feelings and emotions. The participant exposes his feelings without having to justify
them
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BlackHat:usingthishatfocusonthoughtsofjudgmentandcaution,highlightingnegativeaspects
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YellowHat:thishathelpusthinkpositivelyandseewhysomethingwillworkandwhatareitsbenefits
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GreenHat:thisisthehatofcreativity.Someoftheexistingtechniquestodevelopcreativitycanbeusedatthistime
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Blue Hat: represents the control and management of the thought process. With it summarizes what has been said and the
conclusionsreached
YOUR IDEA
While the technique is being used, participantswithinthe same groupmustuse the same hat at the same time. Theorder of the hats
canbedifferenttotheexposed.
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
8
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO OPEN MINDS
SERENDIPITY
It consists of solving a problem using a workaround, instead of attacking that problem through a direct approach. Gordon, creator of
Synectics (creative method based on the use of analogies) insisted that "through this mechanism it is put in parallel some facts,
knowledge or different disciplines“. For example, to solve a business problem we try to look at how other disciplines (in biology, in
history,inateamsport....)solvesimilarproblems.
YOUR IDEA
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
9
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO OPEN MINDS
PRIGOGINE’S ANTSEXPERIMENT
Telling the following experiment: “An ant colony was starved of food and kept isolated from the outside world. Then, the colony was
connectedtoahoneypotbyawoodenplankwhichactedasabridge.Theantswerelookingforfood,runninginalldirections,andone
of themstartsoff across the bridge.Noticing that nootherant has ever passed that way (ants are guidedby pheromones leftby other
ants)the pioneerant turns back.Bychance,initsmovements hitherandthither,asecondant isguidedby the pheromonesofthefirst
ant follows the same path over the bridge going just a little further than the first one before turning back. When a third ant goes onto
the bridge, it too carries its tell-tale trace a little further before turning back. And so it continues until, at last, an ant reaches the pot of
honeyandreturnstriumphantlytothecolony”.
YOUR IDEA
Thisexperiment pointsoutthepowerofcollaboration.Itisenrichingonseveralaccounts:
• If the ant nest had been perfectly organized, not a single ant could have gone on to the bridge as it’s an navigational error which
takesthemthereinthefirstplace
• Thereisonlyoneantwhichfindstheway,butmanyothershelpprepareforthisdiscovery
• Forthistobeachieved,itisimportantnottoexplaintothefirstantthatcamebackempty-handedthatitwaswrong
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
10
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO OPEN MINDS
THENINE CROSS EXERCISE
Askparticipantstodraw4lineswhichgothrougheachof the9crosseswithout lifting thepencilfromthepaper. Thisexercisewill align
participants in the claim that there are different ways to solve the same problem. This exercise has a variation, the square exercise:
“findasmanywaysaspossibletodivideasquarein2equalpartssothatyoucansuperposeoneontheother”.
MARTIANINTERVIEW
YOUR IDEA
Part of the group asks the others questions as if they have just arrived from Mars and are astonished by everything they see.This
technique works if you ask open questions. When you ask closed questions (yes/no), you are converging and get poor
information. If you ask open question targeted to left, right and limbic brain, you get all the dimensions of the subject:
1. Limbic brain: emotions, wants / desires –ex: how does it make you feel?
2. Left cortical brain: language, mathematics, logic –ex: what’s the use of it?
3. Right cortical brain: images, visual –ex: how does it look?
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
11
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO OPEN MINDS
CREATIVEBREATHING
It consists of moving away from the problem set (diverging), then refocusing on it again (converging). Creative thinking refuses the
illusion that you can go directly to your objective in a straight line. The approach is composed of 6 steps which alternate between
divergenceandconvergence:
1. Exploration(divergence)
2. Reformulation(convergence)
3. Productionofideas(divergence)
YOUR IDEA
4. Selection(convergence)
5. Experimenting-Tests(divergence)
6. Organization(convergence)
Othertechniquesareusedtodeployeachstep.
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
12
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO GENERATE IDEAS
IDEART
It is a technique for generating ideas (within the realm of thought provoking) using visual stimulus, usually paintings. It was created in
2000 by Franc Ponti. Given a particular creative focus, a picture is chosen so that it can generate analogies and associations. First,
attempt to describe the picture and "play" with the concepts that it might create (build stories, detect hidden aspects, fables,
comparisons,etc..).Later,tryto"force"connectionsbetweenthecreativefocusandthepictureusingphrasessuchas:
• Thisissimilartoourprobleminthat...
• Thisaspectofthepictureislinkedwith...
• Whatifwedolike...?
YOUR IDEA
• Ournewserviceislike...because...
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
13
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO GENERATE IDEAS
HALLOF FAME
Technique created by Michael Michalko in his book Thinkertoys. It consists of extracting ideas starting from quotations of famous
peopleandgreatmindsofhistory(bothrealandfictional).Thestepstodevelopthistechniqueare:
• Findquotes,youcanlookforfamousquotesininternet.
• Createalistofcelebrities.Thinkoffamouspeoplelivingordead,realorfictionalthatappealtoyouforsomereasonormotivateyou
forsomethingandmakeaselection(alistofabout30)
• Choseacreativegoalorfocusandcheckyourlist.Chooseacelebrity(whichislikeanadvisor)andselectoneofyourquotes
YOUR IDEA
• Writedownthethoughtsandideasthatwillarise(allofthem)
• Choosetheideasorinformationthatyouthinkhavethemostcreativeorinnovativepotential
• Doacreativepause(5to10minutes)fornewideas
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
14
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO GENERATE IDEAS
BRAINSTORMING
it is a group creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas
spontaneouslycontributedbyitsmembers.ThetermwaspopularizedbyAlexFaickneyOsborninthe1953bookAppliedImagination.
Osborn claimed that brainstorming was more effective than individuals working alone in generating ideas. Osborn claimed that two
principles contribute to "ideative efficacy," these being 1.Defer judgment, and 2.Reachfor quantity. Following these principles were his
four general rules of brainstorming, established with intention to reduce social inhibitions among group members, stimulate idea
generation,andincreaseoverallcreativityofthegroup.
YOUR IDEA
This techniqueisguidedby the CQFDrule:makeneither Criticisms nor Comments,Quantityrather
thanquality,Fancifully encouraged
andDevelopideasproposedbyothers.
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
15
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO GENERATE IDEAS
BRAINWRITING
itisawrittenformofbrainstorming.Brainwritingisparticularlyusefulwithagroupofpeoplewhoaresomewhatreticentandwouldbe
unlikely to offer many ideas in an open group session such as brainstorming; even a shy person who doesn’t like to speak in front of
otherscancontributeactively.Thereisnojudgmentandnohierarchicalorder.Italsoworkswellwithlargegroups-thereisnoreallimit
tothegroupsize.
• Eachparticipanttakesablanksheetandcarefullywritesdownanideatoanswertheproblemset
• Eachoneofthempasseshis papertothefellow-participantto hisleft.Participants readtheideaonthe newsheetjustreceivedand
YOUR IDEA
reactbyaddingafurtherideaormodificationtoenrichit
• They continue passingthe ideasheets to theleft neighbor,adding to eachsheet until the sheets havecomecomplete circle and are
returnedtotheiroriginalowners
• Eachparticipantreads“his”sheetwithalltheideasandhecirclestheoneheconsiderstobethebest
• Eachparticipantreadshispreferredideatotheothers
• Alltheparticipantsatthetableselectthebestonefromallthoseselected
Sometimes, brainstorming goes too fast and in all directions. In a brainwriting, it goes more slowly, you have no critic and the
production is made by the group. It is fun, productive and collaborative. It is a push to be present, to be active, and to participate. You
can do it by emailfor instance. Ask people solutions via email. Thosewho don't answer the email won't be able to say this is "bullshit"
toideasproducedbecauseyoucanreproachthemnottohaveproposedtheirsolutionbyansweringtheemail.
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
16
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO GENERATE IDEAS
ANALOGY
Theaimis to lookfor examplesfromotherfields andto transfer toourownchallengethesolutionswhichworkelsewhere. Theidea is
togooutsidetheusualframeworkinordertosolvetheproblem.
First,youlistpeople, companies, animals,etc. Whohavesolved thesame problemasyoursorwhosucceed indoingwhatyouwish to
attain.Thenyoutransposetheirbestpracticeandideastoyourownfieldandsubject.
It is important to come with a few examples as participants often have difficulty visualizing what it means to diverge by analogy given
YOUR
IDEAfunctional analogies, sometimes
that there are very varied types of it. You can choose between comparing one system
with another,
evenanalogiesbasedonshape.Inallcases,therewillalwaysbethingsthatdon’tworkbutthatdoesn’tmatter.
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
17
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO GENERATE IDEAS
EMPATHY
Theaimis to lookfor examplesfromotherfields andto transfer toourownchallengethesolutionswhichworkelsewhere. Theidea is
togooutsidetheusualframeworkinordertosolvetheproblem.
First,youlistpeople, companies, animals,etc. Whohavesolved thesame problemasyoursorwhosucceed indoingwhatyouwish to
attain.Thenyoutransposetheirbestpracticeandideastoyourownfieldandsubject.
It is important to come with a few examples as participants often have difficulty visualizing what it means to diverge by analogy given
YOUR
IDEAfunctional analogies, sometimes
that there are very varied types of it. You can choose between comparing one system
with another,
evenanalogiesbasedonshape.Inallcases,therewillalwaysbethingsthatdon’tworkbutthatdoesn’tmatter.
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
18
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO EVALUATE IDEAS
PLUS MINUSINTERESTING
Itallowsamoredetailedassessmentofthemostrelevantideas.Eachideaisanalysedintothefollowingsections:
• Pluses("P"),arethosepotentialreasonswhywebelievethattheideacanworksuccessfully
• Minus(“M"),itsweaknessesandthosereasonswebelievethattheideamaynotworkorthatleadtocaution
• Interesting aspects ("I"), issues that are important to take into account, but they are neither positive nor negative, or they mayhave
botheffects
YOUR IDEA
THE CHECKERBOARD
It is a technique for evaluating creative ideas in which you can measure each idea in relation to a set of specific criteria. The steps for the
developmentofthetechniqueare:
• Developalistofcriteriarelevanttoassess,identify,selectandsupporteachidea
• Writethesecriteriaatthetopofasheetofpaper
• Makealistofallyourideasinasinglecolumndowntheleftsideofthepaper
• Foreachidea,makeasignalundereachcriterionasappropriateinrelationtoitsbenefits
• Selecttheideathathasmoresigns
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
19
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO EVALUATE IDEAS
REFORMULATION
After a divergence exercise(e.g. Martian interview), you converge. It is better to do it alone (written) and then share your
reformulations. Try to reformulate the subject in 1 to 3 questions/creative challenges beginning with “how to...” Afterwards you
diverge again on each of them to produce ideas. When you have 50 ideas, then you choose the solution (new convergence). The
secretistohave50ideasbeforeselectingandjudgingthem.
YOUR IDEA
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
20
Creativity improvement
Creativity Sessions - TO EVALUATE IDEAS
IDEASELECTION
Before passing to the selection itself, two complementary techniques can be employed:to combine the ideas, by keeping in each one
only its positive aspects; and to list the limits of each “candidate” idea with the solution, and to produce a creative work to raise the
objections. This technique is also known under the name -popular -of the “devil's advocate”.
When the work of reformulation and clarification of the objectives was well undertaken, the criteria of appreciation of the ideas are
explicit. To have attended many situations of selection, we can testify that the personality of the individuals who decide isdetermining
in the final choices. Very irrational criteria can appear such as the effects of spots blind, the aversion to the risk, the willto remain
irreproachable (the umbrella effect), the search for originality. On the other side are theYOUR
intuitionIDEA
and the audacity.
You have to leave time at the end of the creativity session for the idea selection phase so that each participant can give his opinion
about the best ideas he has heard. This has a positive impact, even among participants who are not in a positive frame of mind, as they
hear the satisfaction expressed by other participants. What’s more, this exchange of views about the best ideas prolongs the
amazement and also the divergence phase. Why? Simply because participants are surprised by the fact that such and such a person
found a particular idea interesting, whereas he had felt it to be totally without interest. And from this contrast between two views will
emerge the idea that the world can be perceived in different ways, that this creates tension and that this tension can be used to create
new ideas. And this is precisely the reason why it is possible to be more creative in a group than alone.
If the overall result is weak in terms of ideas generated –which is unlikely if the meeting has been well facilitated –you will need to
repeat the exercise with a slightly different technique, asking the participants to assess the number and quality of their own
productions. A Brainwritingexercise will make participants face up to their responsibilities and produce ideas. Always bear in mind that
being creative requires time, and no one can tell in advance precisely how much time will be necessary. Momentary failure must not
be allowed to defeat patience, the greatest of all virtues for creative people.
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
21
Creativity improvement
Key success factors & best practices
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Multidisciplinaryteams inthesessions increase theflowof ideas(variousdepartmentsor other sectors)
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Duringthesessions,postponesheer criticism,thisisthefirst“creativitykiller”.
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Evaluatingideastoo muchalsokillsnew ideas.
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Playingfosterscreativity.
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Considering gaming practices is highly recommendable, taking into account the formal behaviour typical of
thesecuritysector.
YOUR IDEA
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
22
Creativity improvement
Added-value of INSEC project/Platform
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RelatedInnovationelements(availableat InnovationmanagementTool Kit or viadiagnosis)
• #1 cultureassessment
• #2 creativitysessions
• #4 InnovationStrategy& Policy
INSEC will organise 1 creativity session for each type of end user involved in the project (4 in total). These one
day respective sessions will gather all relevant people in the security organisations in order to:
• Generatenew innovativeideas;
• Structure the ideas expressed based on the objectives expected;
• Expressa firstranking;
• Identify weak point in the current management system.
Additionally, one creativity session will be organized with the members of the Advisory Board in order to find
the right balance between the end-users’ point of view and the SMEs cooperationneeds.
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
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Financing RDI at European level
References
CreativityTechniques byKaos
http://www.kaosconsulting.com/metiers/explorer_ref/explorer-savoir-faire/
CreativityDevelopment Programby ActitudCreativa
http://www.actitudcreativa.es/english/ac-abierto-como-convertirse-en-un-profesional-creativo.php
SystematizingCreativeThinkingby InteligenciaCreativa
http://www.inteligenciacreativa.com/eng/
Contract No. FP7- 285287
INSEC is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)
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