Scoping Work on Mainstreaming
Biodiversity into Development
Co-operation
The OECD Development Assistance Committee
Anna Drutschinin, OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
13 October 2014, Pyeongchang, Korea
Outline of presentation
• Trends in biodiversity-related aid
– How much bilateral aid is flowing to biodiversity and
how does it support other objectives?
– What sectors and countries are top recipients?
• Development assistance support for capacitybuilding
• Development assistance to partner countries to
mainstream biodiversity
• Development co-operation agency practices and
strategies to mainstream biodiversity
How much bilateral aid is flowing to biodiversity?
Trends in biodiversity-related aid, three-year averages
2004-2012, bilateral commitments, USD billion, constant 2012 prices
Principal
Significant
% of total ODA
5%
USD billion
5
4%
4
3%
3
2%
2
1%
1
0
Share of total ODA commitments
6
0%
2004-06
2007-09
2010-12
Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014
•
Bilateral biodiversity-related aid commitments by OECD DAC members reached USD 5.6
billion per year in 2010-12, representing 4% of total bilateral aid and 4% of total
activities. Lower bound (aid targeting biodiversity as a principal objective) = USD 2.3bn
•
Development co-operation providers are increasingly targeting environmental synergies
and co-benefits with their aid.
In 2010-12, of total biodiversity-related bilateral aid, 82% also targets climate change
(adaptation, mitigation or both) and/or desertification.
•
Which sectors are receiving biodiversity-related aid?
Five main sectors receiving biodiversity-related aid
Average 2010-12, bilateral commitments, USD billion, constant 2012 prices
Significant
Share of total ODA commitments
37%
2.5
Rural
Development
7%
USD billion
2.0
1.5
20%
Agriculture
37%
15%
1.0
40%
Fishing
6%
35%
30%
25%
Forestry
50%
20%
15%
10%
0.5
3%
2%
0.0
5%
0%
General Environmental
Protection
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Water Supply and Sanitation
Rural Development
Multisector
Energy
Share of total ODA commitments to
sector targeting biodiversity
Principal
Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014
•
•
Aid is concentrated: Over 80% of biodiversity-related aid in 2010-12 was in the
sectors of general environment protection, agriculture, forestry, fishing, rural
development, and water supply and sanitation
Biodiversity-related aid represents a significant share of total aid to forestry (71%),
fishing (39%), general environmental protection (37%), agriculture (16%) and
water supply and sanitation (15%).
Which countries are receiving biodiversity-related aid?
Top ten countries receiving biodiversity-related aid
Average 2010-12, bilateral commitments, USD billion, constant 2012 prices
Country
Brazil
India
Vietnam
Turkey
Indonesia
Ethiopia
China
Peru
Guyana
Kenya
USD million
527
356
168
157
155
116
110
109
97
78
Share of total biodiversityrelated ODA
9%
6%
3%
3%
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
1%
Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014
• In absolute terms, biodiversity-related aid concentrated in Brazil and India.
• In relative terms, biodiversity the greatest focus of aid commitments to
Guyana (61% of bilateral aid had a biodiversity-related objective in 201012), Brazil (33%), Maldives (29%), Mauritius (20%) and Honduras (19%)
Development assistance support for
capacity building
• Estimated bilateral support for biodiversity-related capacity building
increased from approximately 25% of total bilateral biodiversityrelated ODA in 2004-06 (USD 0.8 billion per year) to approximately
44% in 2010-12 (USD 2.5 billion per year).
– Roughly equal across all income groups and regions (Europe is slightly higher
(56%), Oceania is slightly lower (34%)).
– Predominantly targeting biodiversity as a significant objective (70%)
– Predominantly delivered through grants (88%)
– 85% supporting policy and administrative management (especially in
environment and forestry, but also in agriculture, water, fishing, tourism, trade)
– 12% supports biodiversity-related research, education and training
Development assistance to partner
countries to mainstream biodiversity
• Financial and technical support to employ the
mainstreaming policies and tools available
– Belgium: communication, education, awareness through national
Clearing House Mechanisms in Benin, Niger
– Germany: technical support and training on Strategic
Environmental Assessment in in mining and biofuels in Namibia
– France: supporting Fair Trade Africa certification scheme to
integrate biodiversity considerations into production systems in
West African countries
Development co-operation agency practices
and strategies to mainstream biodiversity
• Some agencies have introduced compulsory
screening of their aid projects for impacts on
biodiversity
– e.g. Australia, Austria, EU, France, Germany, Japan,
Sweden, US
– If potential impact on biodiversity detected: compulsory
Environmental Impact Assessment/Environment
Management Plan
• More development co-operation agencies are
developing biodiversity strategies/policies in which
mainstreaming is a key pillar
– e.g. EU, France, Germany, US
OECD DAC CRS Rio marker statistics, analysis & access to data
http://oe.cd/RM
Biodiversity-related statistics and analysis
http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/biodiversity.htm
Rio markers training workshop:
www.oecd.org/dac/environment-development/trainingworkshop.htm
OECD Environment and Development Homepage
www.oecd.org/dac/environment-development
Rio Markers: Stephanie.Ockenden@OECD.org and Valerie.Gaveau@OECD.org
Biodiversity and Development: Anna.Drutschinin@oecd.org and Juan.CasadoAsensio@oecd.org