Use your notes/textbook to copy &
define the following for Thursday’s
test:
John D. Rockefeller
corporation
Thomas Edison
sweatshop
monopoly
mass production
Andrew Carnegie
Knights of Labor
entrepreneur
Homestead Strike
You will only have 10 minutes to do this.
Then we will be moving on! 
Copy & ANSWER the following for
tomorrow’s test:
-Which system involves combining many firms in the same
business?
-The federal government formed the Interstate Commerce
Commission to ?
-True/false: In the late 1800s, industrial workers struggled to
survive
-Which labor union focused on specific crafts & trades for
skilled workers?
-How did establishing a monopoly help a corporation increase
profits?
-Eugene Debs was arrested at which strike?
You will only have 10 minutes to
Do this. Then we will be moving on! 
-True/false: “laissez faire” means “hands off”
-Bessemer process
-the ICC
-Sherman Antitrust Act
-vertical & horizontal integration
-collective bargaining
-How did establishing a monopoly help a
corporation increase profits?
-Why did many call industrial leaders, like
Carnegie & Rockefeller, “Captains of Industry” or
“Robber Barons”? (explain both)
-Name two ways that the federal government
tried to
regulate business in the late 1800s. Do you think
these regulations were effective? Explain your
6.3 Organized Labor After
1865
Terence V. Powderly – the leader of the Knights of Labor,
encouraged boycotts & negotiations w/employers
Samuel Gompers – a poor English immigrant who formed
the American Federation of Labor, a skilled workers
union, in 1886
Objectives
•
Assess the problems that workers faced
in the late 1800s.
•
Compare the goals and strategies of
different labor organizations.
•
Analyze the causes and effects of
strikes.
•
sweatshop – small factory where employees have to work long hours under poor
conditions
•
company town – community whose residents rely upon one company for jobs,
housing, and shopping
•
collective bargaining – negotiating as a group for higher wages or better
working conditions
•
socialism – an economic and political philosophy that favors public, instead of
private, control of property and income
• Knights of Labor – labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused
on social reforms
• Terence V. Powderly – the leader of the Knights of Labor (beginning in 1891)
who encouraged boycotts and negotiations with employers
• Samuel Gompers – a poor English immigrant who formed the American
Federation of Labor, a skilled workers union, in 1886
• American Federation of Labor (AFL) – American Federation of Labor, a loose
organization of skilled workers from many unions devoted to specific crafts or
trades
• Haymarket Riot – labor protest in Chicago in 1886 that ended in deadly violence
• Homestead Strike – 1892 Pennsylvania steelworkers’ strike that resulted in
violence between company police and strikers
• Eugene V. Debs – leader of the American Railway Union who eventually became
a socialist
• Pullman Strike – a nationwide strike in 1894 of rail workers that halted railroads
and mail delivery
How did the rise of labor unions shape relations
among workers, big business, & government?
The booming American economy relied on workers to fuel
its success. They began to rebel against low pay and
unsafe working conditions.
Struggles between business owners and workers
intensified.
Industrial workers faced hardships:
• Factory owners employed people
who would work for low wages.
Many of these people were
immigrants & children.
• They often labored in hot, dark,
dirty workhouses known as
sweatshops. sweatshop –
small factory where employees
work long hours in poor
conditions
• Laborers often had to live in
company towns & buy goods at
high interest at company stores.
company town –
community whose
residents rely upon one
company for jobs, housing,
& shopping
•
collective bargaining – negotiating as a group for
higher wages/better working conditions
Labor unions formed.
Workers tried
collective
bargaining to gain
more power against
employers. One form
was the strike, in
which workers stopped
working until their
demands were met.
Child laborers in 1890
Labor Unions of the Late 1800s
Labor Union
Industry and Activity
•
Knights of Labor
American
Federation of
Labor (AFL)
American Railway
Union (ARU)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Organize ALL workers
Focused on social reform
Terence V. Powderly-encouraged boycotts &
negotiation.
included SKILLED workers
focused on specific
crafts/trades
founded by Samuel Gompers
rail workers
conducted the Pullman Strike of
1894
Eugene Debs
•
socialism – an economic & political philosophy
favoring public, instead of private, control of
property & income. spread through Europe in the 1830s.
It held that wealth should be distributed equally to
everyone .Most Americans rejected socialism, but some
labor activists borrowed ideas from it to support social
reform.
• Samuel Gompers – a poor English immigrant who formed
the American Federation of Labor, a skilled workers
union, in 1886
As membership in
unions grew in the
In 1877 the federal
1870s, a wave of
government sent in
confrontations
troops to restore
between labor &
management
rocked the country.
order after a major
strike by railroad
workers.
Across the nation,
workers mounted
demonstrations
for more rights.
One such protest
in Chicago turned
violent.
Haymarket Riot – labor protest in Chicago in 1886 that
ended in deadly violence. This made many Americans wary
of labor unions.
Homestead Strike – 1892 Pennsylvania steelworkers’
strike, resulted in violence between company police &
strikers of Carnegie Steel.
"Nothing...in all my life, before or since, wounded me so deeply,"
Carnegie wrote in his autobiography. "No pangs remain of any
wound received in my business career save that of Homestead."
Pullman Strike halted nationwide railroad traffic & mail
delivery, 1893, led by Eugene V. Debs – leader of the
American Railway Union who eventually became a
socialist
The government ordered strike organizers to end the strike.
Debs refused and was sent to jail. Troops were called in to
end the strike.
Effects on the Labor Movement
•
Employers successfully appealed for
court orders against unions.
•
Contract disputes and strikes continued
to occur as American industry grew.
•
The labor movement split into different
factions. Debs helped organize the
American Socialist Party and the
Industrial Workers of the World.